Transcript ON PREPAREDNESS AND EMERGENCY RESPONSE WHAT IS

GLOBAL EARTHQUAKE
PREPAREDNESS AND
EMERGENCY RESPONSE
Part 1: The United States
Walter Hays, Global Alliance
for Disaster Reduction,
Vienna, Virginia, USA
•MONITORING
•HAZARD MAPS
•INVENTORY
•VULNERABILITY
•LOCATION
DATA BASES
AND INFORMATION
ACCEPTABLE RISK
RISK
UNACCEPTABLE RISK
YOUR
BOOKS OF
KNOWLEDGE
COMMUNITY
EARTHQUAKE DISASTER
RESILIENCE
HAZARDS:
GROUND SHAKING
GROUND FAILURE
SURFACE FAULTING
TECTONIC DEFORMATION
TSUNAMI RUN UP
AFTERSHOCKS
•PREPAREDNESS
•PROTECTION
•EM RESPONSE
•RECOSTRUCTION AND
RECOVERY
PREPAREDNESS
AND
EMERGENCY RESPONSE
ARE ESSENTIAL PILLARS OF
GLOBAL EARTHQUAKE
DISASTER RESILIENCE
NOTE:
EVERY TIME AN EARTHQUAKE
DISASTER OCCURS, WE HAVE NEW
KNOWLEDGE TO ADD TO OUR
“BOOKS OF KNOWLEDGE” ON
PREPAREDNESS AND EMERGENCY
RESPONSE
WHAT IS EARTHQUAKE
PREPAREDNESS?
Preparedness is
a state of readiness on individual,
urban, sub-regional, and national
scales that is sufficient to keep the
expected and unexpected effects of an
earthquake from causing a disaster
WHAT IS EMERGENCY RESPONSE
(Emergency Response is
All of the scripted and unscripted
heroic and historic responses during
the “race against time” after a quake
to save lives and protect property
NOTE
AS CAPABILITY FOR
PREPAREDNESS INCREASES,
SO DOES PROTECTION OF
IMPORTANT BUILDINGS AND
CRITICAL INFRASTRUCTURE
WHAT IS PROTECTION?
(Protection is
a legally mandated state of planning
and verified robustness, strength,
and ductility for important buildings
and essential - critical infrastructure
to prevent loss of function
THE GOAL
EARTHQUAKE DISASTER
RESILIENCE:
DEMANDS ON
COMMUNITY
CAPABILITIES OF
COMMUNITY
REALITY
LACK OF EARTHQUAKE
PREPAREDNESS
INSUFFICIENT
PREPAREDNESS OF
COMMUNITY
UNANTICIPATED
DEMANDS ON
COMMUNITY
REALITY
LACK OF EMERGENCY
RESPONSE CAPABILITY
URGENT DEMANDS
ON COMMUNITY
INSUFFICIENT
CAPABILITY TO
RESPOND TO
DEMANDS ON
COMMUNITY
FOCUS ON
PREPAREDNESS
KEY ELEMENTS OF
PREPAREDNESS
1) KNOW YOUR TECTONIC PLATES AND
SEISMICITY
2) KNOW YOUR FAULT ZONES
3) KNOW YOUR POTENTIAL DISASTER
AGENTS
4) KNOW YOUR VULNERABILITIES
STATE-OF-THE-ART
PREPAREDNESS PLANNING
INTEGRATES ALL FOUR
FACTORS
FACTOR 1:
KNOW YOUR TECTONIC
PLATES AND SEISMIC
ACTIVITY (i.e., SEISMICITY)
PACIFIC RING OF FIRE
• PRONE TO
EARTHQUAKES
AND TSUNAMIS
EARTHQUAKE ACTIVITY
STATES WITH THE MOST
EATHQUAKE ACTIVITY
FACTOR 2:
KNOW YOUR FAULT
ZONES
FAULTS
THE USA’S MOST NOTABLE PLATE
BOUNDARY FAULT ZONE
• SAN ANDREAS
FAULT
• 600 MILES LONG
• SOURCE OF M8
EARTHQUAKES
IN 1847 AND 1906
THE USA’S OTHER NOTABLE PLATE
BOUNDARY FAULT ZONE
• THE JUAN DE
FUCA PLATE
• SUBDUCTING
BENEATH
WASHINGTON AND
OREGON;
• POTENTIAL FOR
M9.0 QUAKE
ONE O F THE USA’S TWO NOTABLE
INTRA-PLATE FAULT ZONES
• WASATCH
FAULT (UTAH)
• 250 MILES LONG
• POTENTIAL
SOURCE OF
M7.0-7.5
EARTHQUAKES
ONE O F THE USA’S TWO NOTABLE
INTRA-PLATE FAULT ZONES
• NEW MADRID
SEISMIC ZONE
• SOURCE OF
FOUR M8
EARTHQUAKES
IN 1811--1812
FACTOR 3:
KNOW YOUR POTENTIAL
DISASTER AGENTS
NOTE
PREPAREADNESS AND
EM. RESPONSE INCREASE AS
THE CAPABILITY TO
ANTICIPATE
WHAT WILL HAPPEN
INCREASES
TO ANTICIPATE THE POTENTIAL DISASTER AGENTS REQUIRES KNOWLEDGE
•
•
•
•
•
STRONG GROUND SHAKING
TSUNAMI WAVE RUNUP
LIQUEFACTION
LANDSLIDES
AFTERSHOCKS
STRONG GROUND SHAKING
FACTOR 4:
KNOW YOUR
VULNERABILITIES
GROUND SHAKING CAUSES
SOCIAL AND ECONOMIC LOSSES
EXAMPLES OF THE
INTEGRATION
PROCESS
SAN FRANCISCO: PREPAREDNESS
PLANNING
• HOW LIKELY IS A
DAMAGING
EARTHQUAKE TO
OCCUR?
• WHERE AND WHEN WILL
IT OCCUR?
• HOW BIG WILL IT BE?
• HOW STRONG WILL ITS
POTENTIAL DISASTER
AGENTS BE?
PREPAREDNESS PLANNING
(Continued)?
• WHAT KINDS OF
BUILDINGS ARE AT RISK?
• WHAT KINDS OF BASIC,
ESSENTIAL, AND
CRITICAL INFRASTRUCTURE ARE AT
RISK?
• WHAT ARE THEIR
PHYSICAL VULNERABILITIES
PREPAREDNESS PLANNING
(Continued)?
• WHAT ARE THE SOCIAL
VULNERABILITIES
• WHAT IS THE LIKELY
DAMAGE DISTRIBUTION?
• WHAT ARE THE LIKELY
CASUALTIES, SOCIOECONOMIC, AND
ENVIRONMENTAL
IMPACTS?
ANCHORAGE, AK: PREPAREDNESS
PLANNING
• HOW LIKELY IS A
DAMAGING
EARTHQUAKE TO
OCCUR?
• WHERE AND WHEN WILL
IT OCCUR?
• HOW BIG WILL IT BE?
• HOW STRONG WILL ITS
POTENTIAL DISASTER
AGENTS BE?
SEATTLE, WA: PREPAREDNESS
PLANNING
• HOW LIKELY IS A
DAMAGING
EARTHQUAKE TO
OCCUR?
• WHERE AND WHEN WILL
IT OCCUR?
• HOW BIG WILL IT BE?
• HOW STRONG WILL ITS
POTENTIAL DISASTER
AGENTS BE?
LOS ANGELES: PREPAREDNESS
PLANNING
• HOW LIKELY IS A
DAMAGING
EARTHQUAKE TO
OCCUR?
• WHERE AND WHEN WILL
IT OCCUR?
• HOW BIG WILL IT BE?
• HOW STRONG WILL ITS
POTENTIAL DISASTER
AGENTS BE?
SAN JUAN, PR: PREPAREDNESS
PLANNING
• HOW LIKELY IS A
DAMAGING
EARTHQUAKE TO
OCCUR?
• WHERE AND WHEN WILL
IT OCCUR?
• HOW BIG WILL IT BE?
• HOW STRONG WILL ITS
POTENTIAL DISASTER
AGENTS BE?
ALASKA, WASHINGTON,
OREGON, CALIF., PUERTO RICO
HOW BIG WILL
THE TSUNAMI
WAVE RUN UP
BE?
SALT LAKE CITY:
PREPAREDNESS PLANNING
• HOW LIKELY IS A
DAMAGING
EARTHQUAKE TO
OCCUR?
• WHERE AND WHEN WILL
IT OCCUR?
• HOW BIG WILL IT BE?
• HOW STRONG WILL ITS
POTENTIAL DISASTER
AGENTS BE?
MEMPHIS,TN: PREPAREDNESS
PLANNING
• HOW LIKELY IS A
DAMAGING
EARTHQUAKE TO
OCCUR?
• WHERE AND WHEN WILL
IT OCCUR?
• HOW BIG WILL IT BE?
• HOW STRONG WILL ITS
POTENTIAL DISASTER
AGENTS BE?
FOCUS ON
EMERGENCY
RESPONSE
NOTE:
EM. RESPONSE IS HIGHLY
POLITICAL, SO
COMMUNITY LEADERS MUST BE
PREPARED FOR ONGOING MULTIMEDIA COMMUNICATIONS WITH
NUMEROUS PUBLICS
TYPICAL SITUATIONS IN
EMERGENCY. RESPONSE
• DAMAGE; DEBRIS
• COLLAPSE
• TRAPPED
SURVIVORS
• SEARCH AND
RESCUE CLOCK
• FIRE
• INUNDATION
• EVACUATION
CENTERS
• EM. MEDICAL
• MASS CARE
• HAZ MAT
RELEASE
• INJURIES
• DEATHS
KEY ELEMENTS OF
EMERGENCY RESPONSE
• HISTORIC RESPONSES: The
professional and non-professional
responders will be making history for at
least forty-eight hours (a “place holder”
for the intense period of search and
rescue operations) and thirty days (a
“place holder” for the intense time of
the “no room for error” decisions) that
must be made.
KEY ELEMENTS OF
EMERGENCY RESPONSE
• HEROIC RESPONSES: The
professional and non-professional
responders will be working at the
margins of their capability for at least
twenty-four hours and twenty-one days.
EXAMPLES OF HISTORIC
EMERGENCY RESPONSE
SITUATIONS
Part 2: The Wise Learn From All
Their Earthquake Disasters
EXAMPLE: DAMAGE TO SCHOOL
• ALASKA (1964):
Timely search and
rescue during a
forty-eight hour
“race against time”
to save lives and
protect property
EXAMPLE: DAMAGE FROM TSUNAMI
WAVE RUN UP
• ALASKA (1964):
• Timely responses
during a thirty day
“race against time”
to save lives and
protect property
EXAMPLE: LOSS OF FUNCTION OF
ELEVATED HIGHWAY; DEATHS
• LOMA PRIETO, CA
(1989):
• Timely responses
during a forty-eight
hour and thirty day
“race against time”
to save lives and
protect property
EXAMPLE: LOSS OF FUNCTION AND
COMMUTING CAPABILITY
• LOMA PRIETA, CA
EARTHQUAKE (1989):
• Timely responses
during a thirty day
“race against time” to
save lives and protect
property
EXAMPLE: LOSS OF FUNCTION
• NORTHRIDGE, CA
(1994):
• Timely responses
during a thirty day
“race against time” to
save lives and protect
property
EXAMPLE: HAZ-MAT RELEASE AND
FIRE
• ALASKA (1964):
Timely responses
during a thirty day
“race against time” to
save lives and protect
property
EXAMPLES OF HISTORIC
EMERGENCY RESPONSE
SITUATIONS
Part 2: The Wise ALSO Learn
From All Global Earthquake
Disasters
EXAMPLE: 240,000 DEAD
• TANGSHAN, CHINA
(1976) EARTHQUAKE:
The impossible situation;
too late for a race
against time” to save
lives and protect
property.
EXAMPLE: 230,000 DEAD IN TSUNAMI
• INDONESIA (2004):
The impossible
situation; too late
for a race against
time” to save lives
and protect
property.
EXAMPLE: 88,000 DEAD; 50 MILLION
BUILDINGS DAMAGED
• CHINA (2008):
• The impossible
situation; too late for a
race against time” to
save lives and
protect property.
EXAMPLE: 30,000 DEAD
• JAPAN (2011):
• The impossible
situation; too late
for a race against
time” to save
lives and protect
property.
CONCLUSION
EVERY TIME AN EARTHQUAKE
DISASTER OCCURS, WE HAVE NEW
KNOWLEDGE TO ADD TO OUR
“BOOKS OF KNOWLEDGE”
FOR THE NEXT STEPS:
POST-DISASTER RECOVERY
THE NEXT STEPS:
RECONSTRUCTION AND
RECOVERY