Transcript Chapter 9 Elements, Compounds & Mixtures

Chapter 9
Elements, Compounds
& Mixtures
Hypothesis
What is the difference between these
three items?
Give examples if you need to.
From the Beginning…
Matter
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Matter is anything that has mass or weight.
It takes up space and has a definite volume.
It must exhibit inertia (If something is at rest , it
must stay at rest until a force acts upon it).
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It cannot occupy the same space as other
matter at the same time.
It has physical and chemical properties.
The BIG Picture
Categorizing Matter
Matter
Described using physical and chemical properties
Pure Substance
Elements
Compounds
Smallest particle is the atom
Smallest particle is the Molecule
One type of
atom
throughout
specimen.
Atoms combine chemically
and cannot be separated.
Two or more atoms combine
to create a new substance.
Mixture
Heterogeneous
Homogenous
Solutions
Mixtures of two or
more substances
Pure Substances
Elements
or
Compounds
Smallest particle
Smallest particle
is the atom.
is the Molecule.
One type of
atom
throughout
specimen.
Atoms combine chemically and
cannot be separated physically.
Two or more atoms combine to
create a molecule of a
new substance.
Pure Substance - Elements
92
elements
occur
naturally
and
Many more
have been
created in a
laboratory
Element s for Your Body!
Common Trace Elements
found in food and Vitamins
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Boron: Deficiencies of boron can contribute to osteoporosis.
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Copper: Deficiencies of copper can cause premature hair graying,
and premature wrinkling of the skin.
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Iodine: Deficiencies of iodine can cause a thyroid imbalance or
reduced fertility.
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Selenium: Deficiencies of selenium can cause people to age
prematurely or to have slower than normal recovery from illnesses.
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Zinc: Deficiencies of zinc can cause sterility, and
depression.
Is Air an ELEMENT?
 Air
is primarily made up of nitrogen
(78%) and oxygen (21%). The
remaining 1% is made up of argon
(0.93%), carbon dioxide (0.03%)
and other trace gases (0.003%).
What about …
Fire?
Earth?
Water?
Top TEN Elements
In Earth’s Crust
http://education.jlab.org/glossa
ry/abund_ele.html
Famous Elements
Titanium is a hard, silvery-gray metallic element. Its
symbol is Ti. It is the 9th most common element in
the Earth’s crust.
Pure Substance - Compounds
Every compound is a pair or group of atoms that
are combined in a definite proportion.
MILLIONS of compounds have been identified!
Poisonous
yellow green gas
plus
Table Salt
Highly
Or
explosive equals
Sodium Chloride
when
Safe and necessary
exposed
for life.
to water!
Common Household Compounds
(1) water - H2O
(2) sodium chloride
(3) sucrose
(4) sodium hydrogen carbonate
(5) calcium carbonate
(6) acetic acid
(8) ammonia
(9) sodium hypochlorite
(10) sodium hydroxide
(11) calcium hydroxide
(12) sodium stearate
(13) glycerol
(14) hydrogen peroxide
(15) isopropanol
(16) silicon dioxide
(17) starch
(table salt)
- NaCl
(table sugar)
- C12H22O11
(baking soda)
- NaHCO3
(chalk or marble)
- CaCO3
(vinegar)
- HC2H3O2
(household ammonia) - NH3
(bleach)
- NaClO
(drain cleaner)
- NaOH
(lime)
- Ca(OH)2
(soap)
- CH3(CH2)16COONa
(glycerin)
- C3H5(OH)3
(antiseptic or bleach) - H2O2
(rubbing alcohol) - CH3COHCH3
(glass)
- SiO2
(flour)
- (C6H10O5)n
Homework Activity

Bring in one empty container that has the label
in tact – We are on the search for household
Compounds! Examples…
Bleach bottle
Cleanser container
Vinegar bottle
What other household products can you think of
that may be compounds?
The BIG Picture
Categorizing Matter
Matter
Described using physical and chemical properties
Pure Substance
Elements
Compounds
Smallest particle is the atom
Smallest particle is the Molecule
One type of
atom
throughout
specimen.
Atoms combine chemically
and cannot be separated.
Two or more atoms combine
to create a new substance.
Mixture
Heterogeneous
Homogenous
Solutions
Mixtures of two or
more substances
Mixtures
ARE NOT PURE SUBSTANCES!
Substances in a mixture CAN be separated by
physical means!
Mixtures can be…
Heterogeneous: In substances in the mixture are
NOT evenly distributed.
Or
Homogenous: The substances in the mixture
ARE evenly distributed.
Heterogeneous Mixtures
NOT EVENLY DISTRIBUTED!
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Examples of Heterogeneous mixtures are…
What
heterogeneous
Mixtures can
you think of?
Homogenous Mixtures
ARE evenly distributed!

Examples are…
More on a
Homogenous Mixture
If it appears to be the same throughout it is
called a “solution”
 In a solution the component that is present
in the largest amount is called the
“solvent”
 The parts that are in the solution in lesser
quantities are called “solutes”
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What
homogenous
Mixtures can
you think of?
Wrap Up Review
Matter
Described using physical and chemical properties
Pure Substance
Elements
Compounds
Smallest particle is the atom
Smallest particle is the Molecule
One type of
atom
throughout
specimen.
Atoms combine chemically
and cannot be separated.
Two or more atoms combine
to create a new substance.
Mixture
Heterogeneous
Unevenly distributed
Homogenous
Solutions
Mixtures of two or more
substances that are evenly
distributed
•Largest component = solvent
•Smaller components = solutes
Separating Mixtures
All Mixtures can be
physically separated!
Let’s Practice!