Transcript Earth and Science Stems and Expectation

Earth and Science Stems
and Expectation
ESS1: 1: 1 - The water cycle is
made up of a few main parts
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evaporation (and
transpiration)
condensation
precipitation
collection
ESS1:1:2 - Earth’s Climate
• Changes in ocean temperature is
causing the sea level to rise. During the
20th century, sea level rose 10-20 cm
(4-8 inches) due to melting glacier ice
and expansion of warmer seawater. In
the next 100 years, sea level may rise
as much as 85 cm (33 inches). This is a
threat to people living near the coast,
wetlands, and coral reefs.
Changes in the composition
of the atmosphere
• There have been changes in where we
can farm: As climates warm, some midlatitude places, like Europe, are getting
a longer growing season, while some
tropical places are becoming too hot
and dry to grow crops.
• The amount of drought may be
increasing.
Climate changes
• Severe weather events may be more
common and stronger
• The number and strength of hurricanes,
tornadoes, and other events has increased
over the last 15-20 years.
• Ecosystems are changing. As temperatures
warm, species may migrate to cooler places
or die. Species in particularly danger include
polar animals such as penguins, polar bears
and seals.
ESS1:2:1 Layers of the Earth
Layers of the EARTH
CRUST
5 to 25 miles thick
and up to 1,600 F
MANTLE
1,800 miles thick
and up to 8,000 F
INNER CORE
800 miles thick
and up to 13,000 F
OUTER CORE
1,400 miles thick
and up to 11,000 F
Hydrosphere• The Earth's
hydrosphere consists
of water in all forms:
the oceans,inland seas,
lakes, and rivers;
precipitation;
undergroundwater; ice
(as in glacier and
snow); and atmospheric
water vapor (as in
clouds
ESS1:2:2 - Plates
• The Earth's
crust is broken
into many
pieces. These
pieces are
called plates
Geological Evidence
• The plates
are still
moving today
making the
Atlantic
Ocean larger
and the
Pacific Ocean
smaller
Atmosphere
ESS1:3:1 – Fossils
•
The prehistoric
remains of a plant or
animal
• Usually preserved when
they are buried under
many layers of sand
and mud.
• Under pressure the
sand and mud become
sedimentary rock
• Minerals seep into the
fossil replacing the
organic matter and
creating a replica in
stone.
ESS:1:4:1 – Observations of
Earth from Space
• A recent check of the
VIRTIS imaging
spectrometer during
the Venus Express
commissioning phase
has allowed its first
remote-sensing data
to be acquired, using
Earth and the Moon as
a reference
ESS:1:5:1 Earth’s Plates
ESS:1:5:2 Landforms
ESS:1:5:2 Ocean Floors
ESS:1:5:3 Convection
• Convection is the transfer of heat by the
actual movement of the warmed matter. Heat
leaves the coffee cup as the currents of
steam and air rise.
ESS:6:1:1 Rock Cycle
Sedimentary Rock
Igneous Rock
Metamorphic
How Sedimentary Rock is
Formed
For thousands, even millions of years, little
pieces of our earth have been eroded-broken down and worn away
by wind and water. These little bits of our
earth are washed downstream where they
settle to the bottom of the rivers, lakes, and
oceans. Layer after layer of eroded earth is
deposited on top of each. These layers are
pressed down more and more through time,
until the bottom layers slowly turn into rock.
ESS:1:6:4 Classification of Rock
• Hardness, Density, Cleavage, Fracture,
Twinning, Transparency, Lustre, Colour,
Special light effects, Streak.
ESS:1:7:1 Watershed
ESS:1:7:2 Properties of Water
• Chemical properties of water is one
atom of oxygen bound to two atoms of
hydrogen.
• Water is unique in that it is the only
natural substance that is found in all
three states liquid, solid ice, and gas
steam
ESS:1:7:3 Cycling of Water
ESS:2:1:1 Charasteristics of
the sun
• The sun’s atmosphere has three layers, the
photosphere, the chromosphere, and the
corona.
• Photosphere is the inner layer of sun’s
atmosphere, chromosphere in the middle
layer of the sun’s atmosphere and corona is
the outer layer
• Solar wind – stream of electrically charged
particles.
• Sun spots are areas of gas on the sun that
are cooler than the gases around them.
ESS:2:1:2 Tides and the
phases of the moons.
• Tides are caused by the interaction of Earth, the
moon, and the sun.
• Changes in the positions of Earth, the moon, and the
sun affect the height of the tides during month.
• Twice a month a month at the new moon and the full
moon, the sun and moon are lined up. Their
combined gravitational pull produces the greatest
range between high and low tide, called a Spring
Tide
• In between spring tides, at the first and third
quarters of the moon, the sun and moon pull at right
angles to each other. This line-up produce a neap
tide, a tide with the least differences between low
and high tide
ESS:2:1:3 Day – Year – The
Phases
• Earth’s rotation on it’s axis causes day and night
• One complete revolution around the sun is called
a year.
• The different shapes of the moon you see from
Earth are called Phases.
• Tides are caused by the interaction of Earth, the
moon, and the sun.
• Eclipses An eclipse on earth occurs when the sun,
the Earth and the moon are all in a line together.
The two primary types of eclipses seen from Earth
are the solar eclipse and the lunar eclipse.
ESS:2:1:4 Earth, Sun, and the
Moon
ESS:2:2:1 Nuclear Fusion
• Nuclear fusion is the process by which
multiple atomic particles join together to
form a heavier nucleus.
• The sun’s energy comes from nuclear
fusion.
• The light and heat gradually move from
the core of the sun to its atmosphere and
escape into space. Some of this light and
heat reach Earth, becoming earth’s main
source of energy
ESS:2:3:1 Planets of Solar
System
• The terrestrial planets
are the four innermost
planets in the solar
system, Mercury,
Venus, Earth and
Mars. They are called
terrestrial because
they have a compact,
rocky surface like the
Earth's. The planets,
Venus, Earth, and
Mars have significant
atmospheres while
Mercury has almost
none.
ESS:2:3:1
• Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus, and Neptune
are known as the Jovian (Jupiter-like)
planets, because they are all gigantic
compared with Earth, and they have a
gaseous nature like Jupiter's. The
Jovian planets are also referred to as
the gas giants, although some or all of
them might have small solid cores.
ESS:2:3:2 Gravitational Force