Transcript Fossils for Younger Studentsx

Dinosaurs
What is a dinosaur?
How do we know about them?
Dinosaurs
FOSSILS
What are fossils?
Fossils are the
petrified remains of
ancient objects.
Petrified – means
turned to stone.
Ancient – means very,
very old.
PETRIFIED FOSSIL
The Field Museum in Chicago
displays a fossil of a
Tyrannosaurus rex.
What kinds of things make
fossils?
Fossils can be of
animals, plants, or
other objects.
Most of the time we
think of dinosaurs
when we hear the
word fossil.
Fossils, big or small….
Fossils can be very
large or very small
Scientists even have
found fossilized
dinosaur teeth and
claws!
How are fossils made?
1. Sediment
2. Layers
3. Movement
4. Erosion
An animal is buried by
sediment, such as
volcanic ash or silt,
shortly after it dies. Its
bones are protected
from rotting by the
layer of sediment.
More sediment layers
accumulate above the
animal’s remains, and
minerals, such as silica
(a compound of silicon
and oxygen), slowly
replace the calcium
phosphate in
the bones.
Movement of tectonic
plates, or giant rock
slabs that make up
Earth’s surface, lifts
up the sediments and
pushes the fossil
closer to the surface.
Erosion from rain,
rivers, and wind wears
away the remaining
rock layers. Eventually,
erosion or people
digging for fossils will
expose the preserved
remains.
Five kinds of fossils:
Petrified
Fossils
Molds and
Casts
Trace
Fossils
Carbon
Films
Preserved
Remains
Why are fossils important?
A paleontologist is a scientist who
digs up fossils, puts the bones
together and tries to figure out
what type of animal it used to be.
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Fossils give clues about organisms that
lived long ago. They help to show that
evolution has occurred.
They also provide evidence about how
Earth’s surface has changed over time.
Fossils help scientists understand what
past environments may have been like.
Let’s Make a Fossil!
We are going to make
mold and trace fossils
1.
2.
Flatten a ball of clay
on manila paper
Press objects lightly
into the clay
After the clay is fired
in the kiln, we will
paint it to make it look
ancient and
weathered!
Dinosaurs
WHAT TYPES OF DINOSAURS
WERE THERE?
Dinosaurs
Dinosaurs lived millions of years ago!
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Mesozoic Era
Triassic Period (245-208 million years ago)
 Jurassic Period (208-145 million years ago)
 Cretaceous Period (145-66 million years ago)
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Dinosaurs could be:
Herbivores: vegetarian; eats plants
 Carnivores: eats meat
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TYRANNOSAURUS
“Tyrant Lizard”
7” teeth
23’ tall, 50’ long
16,000 lbs.
Could run at 30 MPH
Could lift 450 lbs.
Carnivore
Found in North
American and Asia
STEGOSAURUS
“Roof Lizard”
Herbivore
14’ tall, 28’ long
6,000 lbs.
Found in western
North America
ANKYLOSAURUS
“Fused Lizard”
Herbivore
11’ tall, 35” long
10,000 lbs.
Tail was used as a
weapon against
predators
Found in North
America
BRACHIOSAURUS
“Arm Lizard”
Herbivore
50’ tall, 100’ long
120,000 lbs.
Complete skeleton
fossil found in
Tanzania
TRICERATOPS
Three-Horned Face”
Herbivore
9.5’ tall, 26’ long
14,000 lbs.
Found in North
America
Fossils of Dinosaur Skin
Fossils of Dinosaur Skin
Extinction
No one knows for sure what caused the
dinosaurs to go extinct, or die
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Starvation
A meteor
Climate change
Some animals did survive though!
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Alligators and crocodiles
Mosquitoes
Sharks
Turtles
Frogs
Let’s Draw Dinosaur
Texture!
Choose a dinosaur to
draw a close-up view
of!
Draw the texture on
the dinosaur skin
using line and shape
Color neatly!
I Can…
…draw texture
…draw a dinosaur
…color neatly
Dinosaurs
WHAT DID THE EARTH LOOK
LIKE TO DINOSAURS?
Pangea
The world looked A LOT different when
the dinosaurs roamed the earth
The earth is constantly changing, as it has
been around for millions of years
Continental drift has caused the continents we
have today
 When the dinosaurs roamed the earth, there was
only one continent, Pangea
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The Environment
Earth was a lot warmer!
No grass! Only ferns covered the ground!
No winter!
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Average global temperature: 50-60 degrees
There were:
Deserts
 Forests
 Tropical areas
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The Environment
There were:
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Volcanoes
Mountains
Tropical trees
Forests
Deserts
Fields
Lakes
Ponds
Dinosaur World
Create a drawing of a
dinosaur world
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Draw an appropriate
environment
Draw 3 dinosaurs
Draw good texture on their skin
Show depth
Draw with pencil first
Outline with black marker
Color with crayons
I can…
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Draw a dinosaur
Draw texture
Create depth in my
artwork
Describe the world
when dinosaurs
lived