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The Ørsted Satellite
a unique Danish and international collaboration
A unique collaboration, unparallelled in Denmark, lies behind the design, construction, testing and
launching of the Ørsted satellite. Typically, it takes between 10 and 20 years, from the conception of the idea,
until a satellite can be launched. But for Ørsted it took only 8 years. The first full parts assembly took place
in January 1996, and launch was on 23 February 1999.
Danish partners
RESCOM A/S (now part of Ericsson, Denmark)
Aalborg University
Department of Control Engineering
acted as consultants in connection with the specification and testing of some of Ørsted's communications units.
is responsible for the part of Ørsted's software that stabilizes Ørsted in its orbit and controls its orientation in space. Moreover, the Department has developed a sun-sensor system which measures the direction towards the
Sun. This prevents the star camera from looking directly at the Sun and maximizes the amount of sunlight striking
the solar panels mounted on the satellite body.
Department of Communication Technology
is responsible for the design, construction and testing of the receiving station in Aalborg which acts as a backup station to the primary receiving station at the Danish Meteorological Institute (DMI).
Scandinavian Airline System
sponsored the project by providing transportation of the satellite, testing equipment and testing personnel, to Los
Angeles and back, in connection with the launch.
Technical University of Denmark
Copenhagen Optical Company
has developed and constructed the extremely light-sensitive lens for the star camera. In addition, COC has taken
into account in their design the extreme temperature conditions and high level of radiation in space.
The Danish Meteorological Institute
takes care of the scientific management and coordination of the mission. DMI has established a Science Data Center which communicates the measurements from Ørsted to the project collaborators all over the world. The research
team at DMI analyses the magnetic data for modelling of fields and currents in space. The results from the particle
detector are used to determine the density and energy distribution of ions and electrons at Ørsted. DMI collects the
observations from the TurboRogue GPS receiver for analysis of the ionospheric electron density. Furthermore, data
from the GPS receiver are used for studies of the temperature and water vapour content of the troposphere for weather and climate monitoring. Finally, DMI functions as main receiving station for Ørsted.
The Danish Space Research Institute
is responsible for the Ørsted satellite's main instrument, the vector magnetometer which is developed in collaboration
with Ørsted . DTU. The DSRI participates in the scientific analysis of the satellite's data, particular with regard to the
construction of models that describe the Earth's interior field.
DDC International A/S
has supplied important auxiliary tools to TERMA for their development of Ørsted’s software.
Engineering College of Copenhagen
Electronic Department
is responsible for the design, contruction and testing of the receiving station in Ballerup, which acts as a backup station for the primary receiving station at DMI.
Innovision A/S
is in charge of the design and testing of the batteries for Ørsted. Many special requirements had to be met: complete airtightness, high energy storage capacity, low weight, long life span and temperature stability. Furthermore,
Innovision A/S has developed the electronics for Ørsted's attitude control system.
The Institute for Product Development
has developed parts of the mechanical structure holding the vector magnetometer and the star camera. The Instistute for Product Development has also developed the diaphragm of the star camera.
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Ministry of Economic and Business Affairs
is the main sponsor of the satellite. In order to provide inspiration for the cooperation between research and industry, the Ministry of Economic and Business Affairs is represented in the project's steering committee by the Danish Agency for Trade and Industry.
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Ørsted DTU
has developed one of the magnetic measuring instruments, the vector magnetometer. The Department, together
with the former Engineering Academy of Denmark, has designed and constructed Ørsted's star camera. In
addition Ørsted . DTU is responsible for design, construction, testing and control measurements of Ørsted’s antennas.
Department of Manufacturing, Engineering and Management
has collaborated with the Ørsted . DTU on the mechanical design of the vector magnetometer and the star
camera.
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TERMA
has handled project management and coordination of the technical aspects of the whole project. Good planning,
documentation and management are all required for making more than one hundred researchers, engineers,
computer scientists and technicians, who are spread all over the country (and also in foreign countries), „speak
the same language". TERMA which is the largest aerospace company in Denmark, has also produced the two
on-board computers, the complex power supply system and has provided the advanced on-board software for
controlling and monitoring of the satellite. TERMA has also developed the various hardware and software systems comprising the entire satellite testing equipment and the Ørsted control center which they are still operating.
TICRA
assisted Ørsted . DTU with the design of Ørsted's antennae.
Per Udsen Co (now part of TERMA)
has been in charge of the design, analyses and construction of the satellite structure. The satellite structure
comprises the bearing structural parts, the electronics boxes and the 8-meter long boom, which is designed to
measure no more than 40 cm (15.7 inches) in furled condition. At the same time it is able to withstand extreme
conditions during launch. The boom has likewise been designed to be able to withstand environmental effects
of the oxidizing atomic oxygen, X-rays and ultraviolet radiation in space. Per Udsen Co was also responsible
for development and construction of the mechanisms which allow the boom to be released once the Ørsted satellite was placed in orbit.
University of Copenhagen
Department of Geophysics at the Niels Bohr Institute
suggested the Ørsted mission in 1991 as a continuation of the Department's analyses of the magnetic field originating in the Earth's interior. The Department of Geophysics has developed high precision methods for testing and calibrating the vector magnetometer and the star camera. The Department of Geophysics is in charge
of model studies for the magnetic field of the Earth's interior (the „dynamo").
International partners
ESA
has funded parts of the project through the PRODEX-programme and has rendered support in connection with
the designing of the receiving stations, the control centre and the scientific data centre.
Ministry of Science, Technology and Innovation
and the Research Councils have co-funded the development of instruments and the scientific utilization of data and
measurements from the Ørsted satellite. The field of responsibility of the Ministry of Science, Technology and Innovation includes the Danish contribution to ESA and the operation of The Danish Space Research Institute.
NASA
has paid for the launch aboard a Delta rocket and for the modifications of the rocket necessary to make room for
Ørsted. In return, NASA has been given access to the scientific data on equal terms with the Danish researchers. JPL, NASA has supplied the TurboRouge precision GPS receiver included in Østed’s payload.
Ministry of Transport
takes part in the Ørsted project via the Danish Meteorological Institute. The institute provides meteorological services for the Kingdom of Denmark ( consisting of Denmark, the Faroe Islands, and Greenland ). In support of this,
space research and development tasks relating to weather and climate, are carried out.
CNES
has been in charge of development and funding of the Overhauser Magnetometer supplied from Leti.