Transcript 006-11JUN-MPAT TE-12 Krakatau Eruption Brief

ANAK KRAKATAU
ERUPTION
9 June 2007
MPAT TE-12 - 11 June 2007
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“The Paroxysm, the Flood,
and the Crack of Doom” *
• At 12:53 pm on June 9, 2007 Anak Krakatau (Child of
Krakatau) erupted with a giant explosion spreading
ash, volcanic debris and pyroclastic flows towards
Sumatra and Java.
• At 8:20 am on June 10, 2007, Anak Krakatau
exploded for the final time, destroying itself and
caused the final devastating tsunami that has killed
thousands in eastern Sumatra and eastern Java,
including Jakarta.
• This weekend’s eruption is at least as violent as the
1883 eruption but the damage and loss of life is much
greater due to the vast increase in population and
urbanization
* Simon Winchester, “Krakatoa-The Day the World Exploded: August 27, 1883”
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Sunda Strait
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Jakarta
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Anak Kratau
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The Prelude
• 15 March 2007
–5.6 magnitude earthquake 15km below Anak Krakatau
occurs and is latest in series of “significant” tremors in
last 5 years
–These earthquakes reflect the build up and release of
tectonic stress in the Sunda Strait vicinity
• 22 March
–Mild ash and steam eruption, sending plumes of ash up
to 10 km into the atmosphere
• April
–Mild tremors and increasing eruptions occur through
April
–Ash-laden gas columns rise from crater
–Banks of pumice are common sights in the Sunda Strait
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March 2007 Eruption
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April 2007 Eruption
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The Prelude
• May
–Explosive eruptions increase, caldera wall collapses,
new vents open on north and east side of volcano
–Atmosphere over Sunda Strait, western Java and
eastern Sumatra becomes filled with ash
–Lloyds of London informs its insured shippers to avoid
the Sunda Strait. Other underwriters follow suit
• June
–Government of Indonesia (GOI) orders evacuation of
Legundi, Sebuku, Sebesi islands to be evacuated
–TNI Navy enforces 12km exclusion zone around Anak
Krakatau complex
–GOI urges residents in low lying areas around
Lampung Bay, Bakauheni on eastern Sumatra and
coastal towns on western Java
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May 2007 Eruption
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May 2007 Eruption
Caldera wall collapses
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“D” (Disaster) Day…….
• 9 June (Saturday)
–1253: Anak Krakatau explodes sending a black, churning
cloud of volcanic debris 25km into the atmosphere. Within
four hours the cloud rises to 37km and spreads rapidly
towards the northeast
–1510: Eruptions are now continuous, occurring every 1012 minutes.
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Hot ash and pumice falls within a 25 km radius of Anak Krakatau.
Wooden vessels (traditional sailing schooners-pinisi) are burned
and sink. There are no reported survivors.
TNI vessel monitoring area hit by pyroclastic flow and suffers
severe damage.
–1610: Large pyroclastic flows sweep northwards burning
wooden ships, boats, buildings and vegitation. Thousands
are killed or burned.
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“D” Day…….
• 9 June (Saturday)
–1813: Soekarno-Hatta International Airport and Halim
Perdanakusuma International Airport cease all flight
operations due to heavy ash in the atmosphere. Inbound international flights are diverted to Denpasar,
Singapore, Kuala Lumpur.
–2039: 7.9 magnitude quake shakes western Sumatra,
causing damage to high rise buildings, shopping plazas
and industrial plants. No tsunami is generated
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D+1
• 10 June (Sunday)
–0530: An enormous explosion occurs, sending ash, rock
and gas high into the atmosphere, and generating a
tsunami 35 meters in height devastating areas in the
Sunda Strait
–0642: A second large explosion generates more ash,
debris and a second tsunami of 30 meters.
–0820: The third and final explosion was the loudest and
worst
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The ash plume exceeded 40 km in height
The final explosion was heard in Perth, Australia (3,100 km) and
Mauritius (4,800 km), and reached a volume of 180 decibels in
Jakarta
Anak Krakatau is no more, having been totally destroyed by the
third and final explosion
–0945: Tsunami from the third explosion reaches Jakarta
with a 3 meter wave, inundating large areas of the city
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Krakatau Eruption
1883
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D + 1: Immediate Effects
• 10 June (Sunday)
– Bandarlampung (population 930,723) overlooking Teluk Lampung
flooded in coastal section of city
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Eyewitness and preliminary official reports indicate massive destruction
and thousands of deaths
“…huge wave just covered the city…houses, cars, trees people just swept
away……”
– Bakauheni (Sumatra ferry terminus) and Merak (Java ferry terminus)
destroyed
– Oil rigs in Sunda Strait (near Java coastline) desroyed
– Western Java towns destroyed or severely damaged:
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Anyer
Karang Bolong
Carita
Labuan
Citeureu
Sumur
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Efforts to contain spills in chemical plant unsuccessful
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– Industrial plants, including chemical plants, in Java damaged
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D + 2: Immediate Effects
• 11 June (Monday)-Jakarta Death and Destruction
–Thousands dead from tsunami-no firm numbers
–Ash, falling pumice-caused fires killed hundreds more
–Large areas of low-lying residential areas destroyed or
damaged
–Port facilities damaged
–Bridges and expressways damaged
–Tall buildings, large shopping plazas damaged
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Destruction
Areas
D + 2: Immediate Effects
• 11 June (Monday)
–Eruption column reaches heights in excess of 40 km
–Pumice banks crowd harbors in western Java and
eastern Sumatra
–Commercial air traffic in Jakarta and Bandarlampung
remains shut down
–Commercial shipping rerouted from Sunda Strait
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Approximate
Inundation Zone
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Jakarta-north
from Plaza
Jaya
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Central Jakarta
(view from Patra Hotel)
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Indonesia Response
•Strategic Government Efforts
–BAKORNAS spearheading relief efforts
–TNI Headquarters & all member ministries
support BAKORNAS
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Indonesia Response
•Local Government Mobilized
–SATKORLAK PB in Jakarta directing initial
response
 Governor
of Jakarta is in charge
 Many government representatives
 Military Area Command (Kodam Jakarta) supports
from TNI
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Indonesia Response
•Immediate efforts directed at saving lives:
–Search and Rescue
–Medical
–Potable water
–Food
•National resources overwhelmed
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Indonesia Request for
International Support
• Government of Indonesia (GOI) appeals to UN for
support
• International community of nations responds
–Nations pledge money, relief supplies and equipment,
disaster response personnel
–Countries with interests in the Asia-Pacific region offer
military assets and support
• GOI accepts in principle offers of military
assistance on a bilateral basis
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Reactions in Jakarta
• Multinational businesses pledge support while
trying to evacuate foreign staff
• Foreign embassies besieged by foreign nationals
trying to leave Jakarta
–Embassies plan to evacuate “Non-essential personnel”
• International humanitarian community
–Minimal disaster response personnel in country-UN
agencies and other agencies trying to get to Jakarta
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