Transcript world geography vocabulary * unit 7 (africa south of the sahara)

WORLD GEOGRAPHY
VOCABULARY – UNIT 7 (AFRICA
SOUTH OF THE SAHARA)
THE PHYSICAL GEOGRAPHY OF AFRICA
• A crack in the earth's surface created by
shifting of the earth's tectonic plates:
fault
• Tropical grassland with scattered trees:
savanna
• A towering waterfall:
cataract
• A triangular section of land formed by sand
and silt carried downriver to a river's mouth:
delta
• A steep, often jagged slope or cliff:
escarpment
This Cataract is a waterfall –
not an eye disease
MORE PHYSICAL
GEOGRAPHY OF AFRICA …
• A northeast trade wind crossing the Sahara:
harmattan
• To dissolve and carry away:
leach
• A passage where freshwater meets seawater:
estuary
• The Sahel has undergone much _____, a process
by which productive land turns into desert
following the destruction of vegetation. People
strip trees for firewood and clear too much land
for farming, while livestock overgraze the short
grasses.
desertification
The types of water in an
African estuary
CLIMATE REGIONS OF AFRICA
• The wettest climate zone in Africa south of the
Sahara is the _____.
tropical rain forest
• The types of vegetation that grow in the
tropical rain forest are _____. tropical growth
• The physical features that influence
population density in Africa south of the
Sahara are: _____; in other areas they have
easy access to water, fertile soil and mild
climates resulting in good farming.
large desert areas and steppe areas where
it is difficult to live
The world’s rainforests give us life by
producing oxygen & medicines
THE ECONOMY OF AFRICA:
• The natural resources that are especially plentiful in Africa
south of the Sahara are: _____, _____, _____, _____, and
_____.
oil, gold, diamonds, water, and uranium
• The locations of the natural resources are in _____ and
along the _____ coastline.
southern Africa; western
• Resources such as facilities and equipment:
infrastructure
• Doing business on the Internet: e-commerce
Africans south of the Sahara share unequally in mineral
wealth because of the _____, _____, and _____.
government's mismanagement, uneven distribution
and foreign investors
Africa south of the Sahara has been slow to industrialize
because resources such as _____, _____ and _____ heavily
relied on to build their refineries.
trained workers,
facilities and equipment
A South African diamond mine
FARMING IN AFRICA:
• Food production in the region is inadequate
because _____, _____, and _____. the
farmland has been exhausted through
intensive cultivation, loss of soil fertility and
devastating droughts
Agriculture that provides for the needs of only a
family or village: subsistence farming
Tourism based on concern for the environment:
ecotourism
A method in which farmers move every one to
three years to find better soil:
shifting
farming
African ecotourism – there are
beautiful places to vacation & visit
MORE FARMING IN AFRICA …
Crops grown for sale, not for use by the farmer:
cash crops
Agriculture conducted at permanent
settlements: sedentary farming
A land-management technique that helps
protect farmland: conservation farming
People began to _____ animals many years ago.
Domesticate
The factors have contributed to desertification
in the Sahel are: _____, _____ and _____.
farming, drier climate and grazing by the
livestock
Some African livestock:
SOME HISTORY OF AFRICA:
• The ancient kingdoms and empires
developed in East Africa were _____ and
_____. Kush and Axum
• The ancient kingdoms and empires
developed in West Africa were _____,
_____, and _____.
Ghana, Mali and
Songhai
• The major development in Africa after
World War II was that Africa won its
independence from _____. Europe
Africa has a rich, long history …
WILDLIFE IN AFRICA:
Illegal hunting of animals:
poaching
Areas with conditions suitable for certain animals or
plants: habitats
The disappearance of a species from the earth:
extinction
The relationship between deforestation and
endangered animals is that if you take away the
forests, _____. the animals have no place to live
Ecotourism affects the region's wildlife by _____.
protecting animals in the game preserves
Poaching is a popular, but illegal way
for poor Africans to make money …
RELIGION IN AFRICA:
_____ and _____ and ______ are
the major religions practiced in
Africa, south of the Sahara.
Christian and Islam and other
African religions
The origin of many of the art forms
of Africa, south of the Sahara was
from their traditional _____.
Religion
Many religions exist in Africa –
including Christianity
THE CULTURE OF AFRICA
• A strong _____ has helped preserve many literary forms in
Africa south of the Sahara.
oral tradition
• An _____ includes several generations. extended family
• The strict separation of races in South Africa was called _____.
Apartheid
• Under _____, or equal voting rights, all adults of voting age
may case a vote. universal suffrage_____ unites African
people of different ethnic backgrounds.
Mass culture
• Rapid _____ has caused problems in the region's cities.
Urbanization
• A _____ includes a husband and wife and their children.
nuclear family
• _____ and disease are important health issues in Africa south
of the Sahara.
Sanitation
• Many people in the region relied primarily on radio for news
and information because _____ and _____.
they don't
have access to media and inability to read
Extreme poverty in parts of Africa have
led to poor sanitation --
LOCATIONS/PLACES OF AFRICA
• A long valley between faults in the earth, with
volcanic mountains and deep lakes: rift valley
• The main highlands areas and mountains in
Africa south of the Sahara are from Ethiopia to
the _____.
Cape of Good Hope
• The three great river basins that are located in
Africa south of the Sahara are: _____, _____,
and _____.
Niger, Zambezi and Congo
The mighty Congo River is hard to
navigate due to waterfalls & rapids.