Transcript Gr.5 Essential Lab12 PPT. 1 and 2

Part One:
Grade 5 Essential Lab # 12
Physical Properties of Minerals
Part Two:
Identification of the Three Types of Rocks:
Sedimentary, Igneous, Metamorphic
Mary Tweedy, Curriculum Support Specialist
Division of Mathematics and Science
Essential Lab # 12 Benchmarks
SC.4.E.6.2 Identify the physical properties of common earth-forming minerals,
including hardness, color, luster, cleavage, and streak color, and recognize the
role of minerals in the formation of rocks
SC.4.N.1.1 Raise questions about the natural world, use appropriate reference
materials that support understanding to obtain information (identifying the
source), conduct both individual and team investigations through free
exploration and systematic investigations, and generate appropriate
explanations based on those explorations.
SC.4.N.1.2 Compare the observations made by different groups using multiple
tools and seek reasons to explain the differences across groups.
SC.4.N.1.6 Keep records that describe observations made, carefully
distinguishing actual observations from ideas and inferences about the
observations.
LACC.5.SL.1.1. Engage effectively in a range of collaborative discussions
(one-on-one, in groups, and teacher-led) with diverse partners on grade 5 topics
and texts, building on others’ ideas and expressing their own clearly.
Engage
Minerals and You
Every solid material made from nature that’s
neither plant or animal--not a living thing is a
mineral or made from minerals. Minerals touch
our lives in hundreds of ways each day. Life
as we know it would not exist without them.
What are some minerals that touch your lives?
What are minerals?
What is a Mineral?
http://library.thinkquest.org/J002289/index.html
• A solid material that is formed by nature in or on Earth’s crust
• A material that has a crystal form
• A material that is not formed by a living thing
• A material that has its own set of properties: (Discovery)
How are minerals identified? (free BrainPop)
http://glencoe.mcgraw-hill.com/sites/dl/free/0078778026/164213/00044674.html
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color
luster
Minerals by Name
streak color
cleavage
hardness
Lab # 12
Physical Properties of Minerals
Mineral Detective
• Essential Question:
How are minerals identified?
• Materials:
Mineral specimens
penny (1982 or older)
paperclip (steel blade)
hand lens
streak plate
magnet
Procedures
1. Read the Mystery Mineral Worksheet. Look carefully at each
property and its descriptions at the top of worksheet.
2. Choose a mineral to observe and record its identification # on
the worksheet.
3. Observe and perform the physical property tests and record
the results.
4. Repeat for each different mystery mineral.
5. Share and discuss mineral property observations within your
group.
6. Use the Mineral Identification to compare observation results
with the Mineral Identification Key to determine the real
identity of the minerals.
7. Record each mineral’s identity in column one.
8. Share mineral identification results with your group and the
whole class.
Using Physical Properties to Identify the Mystery Minerals
Sample #
#____
________
(identity)
#____
________
(identity)
#____
_________
(identity)
#____
_________
(identity)
#____
______
(identity)
#____
________
Color
Streak
Luster
Hardness
Other
Color of mineral
when it’s scratched
across streak plate
Glassy-shines like
glass
Dull-earthy/chalky
Metallic-looks like
metal
Waxy/pearly-has a
muted shine
Mohs Scale
Scratched by
1 Fingernail-easily
2 Fingernail
3 Penny-easily
4 Penny
5 Steel (paperclip)
6 glass
7-10 Will scratch
Glass/steel
Magnetic
Texture
Smell
Shape
Flakes into sheets
Mineral Identification Keys:
Some Common Minerals and Their Properties Key
Name
Graphite
Mica
Halite
Galena
Calcite
Magnetite
Pyrite
Feldspar
Quartz
Color
Black
Colorless
Colorless
Gray
Colorless
Black
Golden
Various
Various
Dark green
Hornblende
to black
Streak
Black
White
White
Gray
White
Black
Black
White
White
Luster Hardness
Metallic
1
Pearly
2.5-3
Glassy
2.5
Metallic
2.5-3
Glassy
3
Dull
5.5-6.5
Metallic
6-6.5
Glassy
6-6.5
Glassy
7
Gray Glassy
5.5
Other Properties
Crystals are rare.
Flakes into sheets
Salty taste
Crystal Cubes
Crystalline
Magnetic
Looks like gold
Two cleavages
Round fracture
Splintery appearance
Additional Mineral Identification Keys:
• Grade 5 Scott Foresman p. 284
• http://www.pitt.edu/~cejones/GeoImages/1Minerals.html
Group Discussion
Beginning with the shortest person in your
group, take turns going around the table in
a clockwise direction sharing the identity of
one of the minerals identified.
• Do you all agree on its identity? How do your
observations (evidence) compare with the others in
the group?
• Continue until all minerals have been shared.
Then answer the following:
• Which was your easiest mineral to identify? Why?
Your hardest? Why? Share within your group.
Evaluate
1. Name and explain three of the mineral properties
you observed?
2. Why do you think color may not be the best way
to identify minerals?
3. How did the hand lens help with observing
properties of the minerals?
4. What was the most difficult mineral to identify?
Why?
Minerals Review
1. Rocks are made of _____, which are
natural, nonliving solid crystals.
2. The way a mineral’s surface reflects
light is called its __________.
3. The way a mineral can tend to break
along lines or smooth surfaces when hit
sharply is its ___________.
4. _________ is the color of a
mineral when it is powdered. It
is often different from the color of
the whole mineral.
5. The measure of the mineral’s
resistance to scratching is its _______.
A. Cleavage
B. Hardness
C. Luster
D. Minerals
E. Streak Color
Sample FCAT 2.0 Question
1. Eddy is trying to identify a mineral by
observing its luster. This means that he is
doing which of the following?
A. observing the way the mineral reflects light
B. scratching the mineral with other objects or
minerals
C. examining the color the mineral makes when
rubbed across porcelain
D. feeling the mineral to determine if it is rough,
smooth, greasy, or glassy
SC.4.E.6.2
Sample FCAT 2.0 Question
2.Tanya is trying to identify an unknown mineral.
To identify the mineral, Tanya breaks it and
observes the planes and patterns formed along
the break.
Which property of minerals is Tanya testing?
A.
B.
C.
D.
cleavage
hardness
luster
texture
SC.4.E.6.2
Sample FCAT 2.0 Question
3. Samantha is identifying different minerals
she found on vacation. Which property of
the minerals will Samantha be LEAST able
to determine by using only her eyes?
A.
B.
C.
D.
color
hardness
luster
texture
SC.4.E.6.2
Extension
Gizmo Activity:
• Mineral Identification
Benchmark SC.4.E.6.2 also assesses SC.4.E.6.1
SC.4.E.6.1 Identify the three categories of rocks: igneous, (formed from
molten rock); sedimentary (pieces of other rocks and fossilized
organisms); and metamorphic (formed from heat and pressure.
Content Limits and Clarifications
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Students will identify and/or describe the physical properties of
common minerals.
Students will describe and/or explain the role of minerals in the
formation of rocks.
Students will identify the three categories of rocks and how they
were formed.
Items will not assess the identification of a specific mineral based on
its properties.
Items addressing common minerals are limited to quartz, feldspar,
mica, calcite, talc, pyrite, and graphite.
Items will not require the identification of specific mineral
composition of any type of rock.
Items will not require knowledge of Moh’s hardness scale.
Items will not assess the rock cycle.
Part Two: Identification of the Three Types of Rocks
Essential Question:
What are Rocks?
Rocks …
• Solid earth material
• Make up the crust of the Earth
• Mixture of one or more minerals
• Range in size from giant mountains to grains of sand
• Can be smooth or rough, shiny or dull, one color or
many colors
More about Rocks from Discovery
Essential Question:
What are the Three main types of rocks?
1. Sedimentary Rock
1.
Igneous Rock
3.
Metamorphic Rock
Rock Type Photographs and more: http://geology.com/rocks/
Sedimentary Rocks
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•
See
Form when layers of rock particles get pressed together at or
near Earth's surface
https://www.pearsonsuccessnet.com/snpapp/login/login.jsp
Nickname = “Layered” rocks
May contain fossils
Common near bodies of water or where water existed in the
past
Characteristics:
Layers
Loosely compacted
Distinct particles Dull
Light Colored
Light weight
http://geology.com/rocks/sedimentary-rocks.shtml for photographs and more.
Igneous Rocks
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Form when magma (hot liquid rock) cools and hardens
Cools very fast = glassy with holes
Cools fast = glassy
Cools slow = small crystals
Cools very slow = large crystals
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Nickname= “Fire formed” rocks:
http://geology.com/rocks/metamorphic-rocks.shtml
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3
Pumice is a gas-charged igneous rock.
Can you identify some others?
1
4
granite
scoria
obsidian
5
pumice
Metamorphic Rocks
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Form when underground rocks are changed due to
high pressure
Nickname = “Changed” rocks
Common in mountains
Characteristics:
Thick layers
Blended colors
Tightly compacted
Blurred particles Shiny
See http://geology.com/rocks/metamorphic-rocks.shtml for photographs and more.
How Rocks Formed Song
(Sing to the tune of “Row, Row, Row Your Boat”)
Adapted from
Utah Elem. CORE
Academy 2006
Sedimentary rock
Has been formed in layers
Often found near water sources
With fossils from decayers
Then there’s igneous rock
Here since Earth was born
Molten lava, cooled and hardened
That’s how it formed
These two types of rocks,
Can also be transformed
With pressure, heat, and chemicals
Metamorphic they’ll become
http://geology.com/rocks/
What’s this Rock: Reference Sheet
1. Igneous:
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Cools very fast = glassy with holes
Cools fast = glassy
Cools slow = small crystals
Cools very slow = large crystals
2. Sedimentary:
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Loosely compacted
Layers
Distinct particles Dull
Light Colored
Light weight
3. Metamorphic:
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Thick layers
Blended colors
Shiny
Tightly compacted
Blurred particles
(Adapted from Utah Elem. CORE Academy 2006)
Sample FCAT 2.0 Question
1. Eddy is examining two igneous rocks. He
observes that one rock is light-colored and one is
dark-colored. Both rocks have very large crystals
and are very coarse.
How can two rocks made by the same process be
so different in color?
A. They contain different minerals.
B. They were made at different times.
C. They were worn down at different rates.
D. They cooled at different rates.
Sample FCAT 2.0 Question
• Dr. Gonzalez is searching for recentlyformed igneous rocks for her collection.
Where would this type of rock most likely be
found?
A. in a deep cavern
B. on a sandy beach
C. near a volcano
D. at the mouth of a river
Sample FCAT 2.0 Question
Metamorphic rocks are formed under great
pressure or temperature. Which geologic process
would make a metamorphic rock?
A. the sliding of a valley glacier
B. the deposition of sand by wind
C. the movement of Earth's crust
D. the removal of surface rock by water
Sample FCAT 2.0 Question
While hiking in the Everglades, Melissa finds
the fossil of clam in a rock. In which type of
rock would you most likely find a fossil?
A. Igneous
B. Metamorphic
C. Oceanic
D. Sedimentary