Transcript Diarhheal diseases

Diarrhea(>3 loose/liquid stools
per day) depletes the body of
needed fluids and salts leading
to dehydration
Diarrhea is often caused by
ingestion of the
bacteria/virus/parasite through
fecal-oral or direct contact.
Three severities of diarrhea
include the acute watery, acute
bloody, and persistent diarrhea.
Acute watery
Acute Bloody
Persistent
Cholera
Dysentery/Shigella
Celiac’s
IBS
Diarrhea can be osmotic, exudative,
motility related, or inflammatory.
Identification of causes often
begins with a stool culture.
Causes of Diarrhea
• Bacterial gastroenteritis
• Cholera
• Shigella
• Dysentery
• Viral gastroenteritis
• Norovirus
• Rotavirus
• Campylobacter
• Traveler’s Diarrhea-E. coli
• Clostridium Difficile
• Food poisoning
• S. aureus/toxins
• Typhoid
• Salmonellosis
• Colon cancer
• IBS
• Lactose intolerance
• Celiac’s disease
• Hormone abnormalities
• Alcohol
Clostridium difficile (C. diff) is
an opportunistic bacteria with
an AB toxin.
Shigellosis is a main cause of
diarrhea with bloody stools,
and is transmitted fecal-orally.
Shigella multiplies in and
spreads through intestinal
epithelial cells.
Shiga Toxin
Rotavirus is the most common
cause of severe diarrhea in infants
and children all over the world.
Rotavirus is one of the few causes of
diarrhea with a preventative measure of a
vaccine, recently developed.
There are several different
simple steps
to prevent transmission.
Diarrhea is usually effectively
treated by restoring fluid and
salt balance
What are organizations doing?
• World Health Organization conducts research, develop health
interventions, and try to manage diarrhea in developing
countries.
References
• http://www.who.int/mediacentre/factsheets/fs330/en/index.
html
• http://www.cdc.gov/healthywater/hygiene/ldc/diarrheal_dise
ases.html
• http://medicaldictionary.thefreedictionary.com/Diarrheal+diseases
• http://www.cdc.gov/ncidod/dbmd/diseaseinfo/travelersdiarrh
ea_g.htm
• http://www.medscape.com/viewarticle/727050_3
• http://ocw.tufts.edu/Content/6/CourseHome/207201/207203