Transcript Winning (success) takes work!”

“Winning (success) takes work!”
“The will to win is not nearly as
important as the will to prepare to
win.”
-Bobby Knight
Diseases of SI
Often involves impairment of absorptive surface of SI (what is that?)
• Acute Diarrhea—one of the most commonly seen types of diarrhea
– Causes—(often accompanies acute gastritis)
• Diet change
• Stressful situations
• Drug therapy
– Signs
• Acute onset of diarrhea
• ± vomiting
• Normal appearance otherwise
– Dx
• Fecal to r/o parasites
• CBC (dehydration), Chem panel to r/o metabolic diseases
Acute Diarrhea
• Rx
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Fluids for dehydration, electrolyte imbalance (SQ, IV, PO)
NPO x 24 h; water OK if no vomiting
Intestinal absorbants/coating agents
Loperamide—opiod receptor inhibitor that slows gut motility
Antibiotics (?)
Bland diet after 24 h
• Hills I/D
• Boiled chicken/rice
Parasite Diarrhea
• Signs
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Diarrhea
Wt loss
Poor hair coat
Listlessness
• Dx
– Fecal exam
• Tx
– Anthelmintics for parasites: Fenbendazole/pyrantel
– Antiprotozoal medication for Giardia, Coccidia
Giardia
Viral Diarrhea
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Parvovirus
Canine distemper virus
Coronavirus
Feline panleukopenia virus
Parvovirus
Seen mainly in young, unvaccinated puppies
• Signs
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Diarrhea, usually with blood
Vomiting
Febrile
Anorexia, depression
• Dx—ELISA (enzyme-linked
immunosorbent assay) test
• Rx
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IV fluids
Antidiarrheal therapy
Antibiotics (Gram neg)
Keep warm
Parvovirus (coyote)
Parvovirus
• Client info
– Sick animals will infect other unprotected animals
– Parvo can be fatal
– Vaccinate for protection
Diseases of LI
Function is to reabsorb water, electrolytes; store feces
• Inflammatory Bowel Disease (IBD)
– Signs
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Diarrhea with wt loss
↑ frequency of defecations, ↓ volume
Tenesmus
↑ mucus
– Dx
• Fecal to r/o parasites
• Chem panel to r/o metabolic causes
• Biopsy of LI wall
– ↑ lymphocytes and plasma cells
Inflammatory Bowel Disease
• Rx
– Sulfasalazine—a sulfa drug with anti-inflammatory effects
• Most effective against colitis
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Prednisone
Metronidazole, Tylosin
Mesalamine—a metabolite of Sulfasalazine in LI (actions unknown)
Hypoallergenic diet
• Hill’s d/d, z/d, i/d
• Homemade diets
• Client info
– Treatment is often prolonged
– Goal of Rx is to control symptoms, not cure disease
– Animals with IBD need to be taken outside frequently for BM’s
Intussusception
Cause usually unknown; can result from parasites, FB, infection,
neoplasia
• Signs
– Vom/diarrhea with or without blood
– Anorexia, depression
• Dx
– Palpation of sausage-like mass in cranial abdomen
• Rx
– Surgical reduction/resection of necrotic bowel
– Restore fluid/electrolyte balance
– Restrict solid food x 24 h after Sx; then bland diet
x 10-24 d
• Client info
– Recurrence is infrequent
– Px depends on amt of bowel removed
– Puppies should be treated for parasites to prevent
intussusception
Intussuception
Megacolon
Uncommon in dogs, more common in cats (mostly idiopathic)
Associated with Obstipation (intestinal obstruction, severe constipation)
• Signs
– Straining to defecate
• Must be distinguished from straining to urinate in male cats
– vomiting
– Weakness, dehydration, anorexia
– Small, hard feces or liquid feces
• With or without blood, mucus
Greater than length of
lumbar vertebrae
Megacolon
• Dx
– Palpation of distended colon filled with hard, dry feces
– Radiographs show colon full of feces
– Rectal palpation assures adequate pelvic opening
• Rx
– Warm water enema
• Animals can become hypothermic
– Manual removal under anesthesia
• Mucosal surface is delicate
– Client info
• Encourage water intake
– Salt food
– Always provide adequate supply
• High-fiber diet