Transcript gene transfer and genetic engineering

GENE TRANSFER AND
GENETIC ENGINEERING
CHAPTER 8
1
Gene Transfer

Vertical to offspring

Lateral (horizontal) to others in same generation
2
Bacterial Gene Transfer and
Recombinant DNA Technology

Transformation
– Griffith’s
experiment
3
Transformation

Mechanism

Significance
Recombination?
4
Transduction

Mechanism
Transducing phages:
p1, p22

Significance
Can be used in genetic mapping
http://jb.asm.org/cgi/reprint/174/23/7876
5
Conjugation

Mechanism
Conjugation pilus

Significance
Also used for mapping
6
Plasmids

F plasmid
(conjugation)

Resistance plasmids

Virulence plasmids
7
Plasmids (cont.)

Tumor-inducing plasmids
 Agrobacterium tumefaciens and plants

Plasmids conferring novel catabolism
Degradation pathways on a plasmid
8
Genetic Engineering

Genetic fusions

reporter fusions
 promoter fusions
9
Genetic Engineering

Protoplast fusion
 electroporation
10
Genetic Engineering (cont.)

Gene
Amplification

Recombinant
DNA cloning
11
Applications

Medical

Industrial

Agricultural

Hybridomas
12
Risks and Benefits
Frankenstein?
Frankenfoods?
13
Recombinant DNA technology

Plasmids- autonomous replicating extrachromasomal
DNA

restriction enzymes
14
Viral technology- phage cloning
15
Homologous recombination
Used to make gene
knockouts in bacteria and
yeast
16
Transposons - jumping genes
17
Evidence for extensive
transfer of antibiotic
resistance genes in
Bacteroides sp.
http://mcb.illinois.edu/faculty/profile/abigails
18