Transcript Ecosystems Practice

Ecosystems Practice
Unit 8.1
Biotic vs Abiotic?
1. Bacteria
2. Dead fish
3. Heat
4. Zooplankton
5. Carrots
6. Energy
7. Corn
8. Rat
9. Photosynthesis
10. Rock
11. Phytoplankton
12. Nitrogen
13. Temperature
14. Dead Flowers
15. Hamburger
16. Sunshine
Biotic vs Abiotic?
1. Bacteria B
2. Dead fish B
3. Heat A
4. Zooplankton B
5. Carrots B
6. Energy A
7. Corn B
8. Rat B
9. Photosynthesis A
10. Rock A
11. Phytoplankton B
12. Nitrogen A
13. Temperature A
14. Dead Flowers A
15. Hamburger A
16. Sunshine B
Levels of Organization in the Ecosystem:
Is this an Individual, Population, Community, or
Ecosystem? Why?
Levels of Organization in the Ecosystem:
Is this an Individual, Population, Community, or
Ecosystem? Why? Ecosystem- all the living and nonliving factors in an environment
Levels of Organization in the
Ecosystem:
Individual, population or community? Why?
Levels of Organization in the
Ecosystem:
Individual, population or community? Why?
Population – all of the same species living together
Levels of Organization in the
Ecosystem: What part is the community? What part is
the Ecosystem?
Levels of Organization in the
Ecosystem: What part is the community? What part is
the Ecosystem? Community=all the living things
Ecosystem= all the living & non-living things
Individual or Population?
Individual or Population?
Individual
Ecosystem or Community?
There was once a town in the heart of America
where all life seemed to live in harmony with its
surroundings. The town lay in the midst of a
checkerboard of prosperous farms, with fields of
grain and hillsides of orchards where, in spring,
white clouds of bloom drifted above the green
fields. In autumn, oak and maple and birch set up a
blaze of color that flamed and flickered across a
backdrop of pines. Then foxes barked in the hills
and deer silently crossed the fields, half hidden in
the mists of the fall mornings.
Excerpt from Silent Spring, Rachel Carson
Ecosystem or Community?
Ecosystem – living and non-living
factors
There was once a town in the heart of America
where all life seemed to live in harmony with its
surroundings. The town lay in the midst of a
checkerboard of prosperous farms, with fields of
grain and hillsides of orchards where, in spring,
white clouds of bloom drifted above the green
fields. In autumn, oak and maple and birch set up a
blaze of color that flamed and flickered across a
backdrop of pines. Then foxes barked in the hills
and deer silently crossed the fields, half hidden in
the mists of the fall mornings.
Excerpt from Silent Spring, Rachel Carson
Ecosystem or Community?
Ecosystem or Community?
Community – all the living things
Habitat or Niche?
• What can be more remarkable than to see a
plant-like body producing an egg, capable of
swimming about and of choosing a proper
place to adhere to, which then sprouts into
branches, each crowded with innumerable
distinct animals, often of complicated
organizations? Darwin, Charles. The Voyage of the Beagle
Habitat or Niche?
• What can be more remarkable than to see a
plant-like body producing an egg, capable of
swimming about and of choosing a proper
place to adhere to, which then sprouts into
branches, each crowded with innumerable
distinct animals, often of complicated
organizations? Darwin, Charles. The Voyage of the Beagle
Niche – the role played in the ecosystem. This
describes how a coral reproduces
Habitat or Niche?
“I have seen my own property transformed into
lush open fields and forests that attract quail,
cavity-nesting birds, bald eagles, turkeys and
many other kinds of wildlife in greater and
greater numbers.” Kate Boulos, native Floridian
Habitat or Niche?
“I have seen my own property transformed into
lush open fields and forests that attract quail,
cavity-nesting birds, bald eagles, turkeys and
many other kinds of wildlife in greater and
greater numbers.” Kate Boulos, native Floridian
Habitat – where the organisms live
Unit 8.2 Roles in Energy Transfer
Producer, Consumer or Decomposer?
Producer, Consumer or Decomposer?
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Hawk – consumer
Fox – consumer
Snake – consumer
Rabbit – consumer
Squirrel - consumer
Butterfly - consumer
Worm – decomposer
Frog - consumer
Bird - consumer
Tree - producer
Types of Consumers
(Herbivore, Carnivore or Omnivore)
1.
2.
3.
4.
Eats only plants
Eats plants and other animals
Eats only other animals
Fish in the ocean that eats the algae that grows
on the corals.
5. Manta Rays that filter the zooplankton in huge
gulps of water.
6. Raccoons that eat berries, insects, and any dog
food left on the porch.
Types of Consumers
(Herbivore, Carnivore or Omnivore)
1.
2.
3.
4.
Eats only plants herbivore
Eats plants and other animals omnivore
Eats only other animals carnivore
Fish in the ocean that eats the algae that grows
on the corals. herbivore
5. Manta Rays that filter the zooplankton in huge
gulps of water. carnivore
6. Raccoons that eat berries, insects, and any dog
food left on the porch. omnivore
How is a food chain like a food web?
How is a food chain like a food web?
They both trace the path of energy
through the ecosystem
Use the food web to answer these questions.
1. What are the producers?
2. Name two organisms that are
herbivores.
3. Name one organism that is a
carnivore.
4. What would happen to the
snake population if the hawk
were removed?
Image: http://weedeco.msu.montana.edu/class/LRES443/Lectures/Lecture20/FoodWeb.JPG
The answers are …
1. What are the producers?
Oak Tree & Pine Tree
2. Name two organisms that are
herbivores.
Pine Borer & Mouse
3. Name one organism that is a
carnivore.
Salamander, Kinglet,
Snake, or Hawk
4. What would happen to the
snake population if the hawk
were removed?
Image: http://weedeco.msu.montana.edu/class/LRES443/Lectures/Lecture20/FoodWeb.JPG
Since there would be
more mice and birds, we
would expect the snake
population to increase.
Answer these questions about food webs.
1. What provides the energy for all the earth’s food webs?
2. Classify each organism as a producer (P), consumer (C), or decomposer (D).
_____ Grass
_____ Zooplankton
_____ Insect
_____ Hawk
_____ Bacteria
_____ Phytoplankton
3. Where is the most energy available in the energy
pyramid diagram?
4. What is the second-level consumer in the energy
pyramid diagram?
Image: http://www.learner.org/channel/courses/essential/life/images/show7.food_pyramid.jpg
The answers are …
1. What provides the energy for all the earth’s food webs?
Sun
2. Classify each organism as a producer (P), consumer (C), or decomposer (D).
P Grass
_____
C Zooplankton
_____
C Insect
_____
C Hawk
_____
D Bacteria
_____
P Phytoplankton
_____
3. Where is the most energy available in the energy
pyramid diagram?
Bottom level
4. What is the second-level consumer in the energy
pyramid diagram?
Small fish
Image: http://www.learner.org/channel/courses/essential/life/images/show7.food_pyramid.jpg
8.3 Interactions in Communities
Mutualism, Commensalism or
Parasitism?
• Oxpeckers land on rhinos or zebras and eat
ticks and other parasites that live on their
skin.
Mutualism, Commensalism or
Parasitism?
• Oxpeckers land on rhinos or zebras and eat
ticks and other parasites that live on their
skin.
• Mutualism
Mutualism, Commensalism or
Parasitism?
The cattle egret will eat
insects that have been
disturbed when the
cattle forage.
Mutualism, Commensalism or
Parasitism?
The cattle egret will eat
insects that have been
disturbed when the
cattle forage.
Commensalism
Mutualism, Commensalism or
Parasitism?
• Fleas and mosquitoes feed on blood from
other organisms?
• In the ocean, certain species, like shrimps and
gobies, will clean fish. They remove parasites,
dead tissue, and mucous
• A spider building a web on a tree
Mutualism, Commensalism or
Parasitism?
• Fleas and mosquitoes feed on blood from
other organisms? Parasitism
• In the ocean, certain species, like shrimps and
gobies, will clean fish. They remove parasites,
dead tissue, and mucous Mutualism
• A spider building a web on a tree
Commensalism
Mutualism, Commensalism or
Parasitism?
• ungulates (such as Bovines) and bacteria within
their intestines. The ungulates benefit from the
cellulase produced by the bacteria, which
facilitates digestion; the bacteria benefit from
having a stable supply of nutrients in
the host environment.
Mutualism, Commensalism or
Parasitism?
• ungulates (such asBovines) and bacteria within
their intestines. The ungulates benefit from
thecellulase produced by the bacteria, which
facilitates digestion; the bacteria benefit from having a
stable supply of nutrients in the host environment.
Mutualism
Graphing Limiting Factors
How would you describe this
relationship?
How would you describe this relationship?
As the prey population increases, so does the predator
population, but then the prey population quickly drops, followed
by the predator population dropping