Transcript Chapter 15: GENETIC ENGINEERING

Chapter 15:
GENETIC ENGINEERING
Lab Biology CP
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=
AEINuCL-5wc
Selective Breeding
• Humans use selective breeding, which takes
advantage of naturally occurring genetic
variation, to pass wanted traits on to the next
generation.
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=dru_2gWtqx
– Hybridization
– Inbreeding
Increasing Variation
• By introducing mutations, breeders can
increase variation.
– Bacterial mutations
– Polyploid plants
Recombinant DNA
• DNA produced from combining DNA from
different sources
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=YdjvUv1vCI&feature=related
Southern Blotting
• A research technique for finding specific DNA
sequences among dozens. A labeled piece of
nucleic acid serves as a probe among the DNA
fragments.
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6FjjjATsr50
Southern Blot
Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR)
• A technique to make copies of a gene
• Short pieces of complimentary DNA are added
to each end to make it longer
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=eEcy9k_KsDI&feature=related
Changing DNA
• 1.) Combining DNA fragments
– Use enzymes
– Result  Recombinant DNA
• 2.) Plasmids and Genetic Markers
– Plasmids: small circular pieces of DNA in some
bacteria
• Used to transform bacteria
– Genetic Markers: a gene that makes it possible to
distinguish bacteria that carry the plasmid from
those that don’t.
Transgenic Organisms
• “Transgenic”: containing
genes from other species
• Transgenic organisms: can be
produced by the insertion of
recombinant DNA into the
genome of a host organism
• Cloning: genetically identical
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=acKWdNj936o&feature=
related
Applications of Genetic Engineering
• Agriculture and Industry
– Crops and animals
• Health and Medicine
– Preventing disease
– Medical research
– Treating disease
• Gene therapy: process of changing a gene to treat a
medical disease. An absent or faulty gene is replaced
by a normal, working gene.
– Genetic Testing
Gene Therapy
Applications of Genetic Engineering
continued. . .
• Personal Identification
– DNA fingerprinting: analyzes sections of DNA that
may have little or no function but vary widely
from one individual to another
– Forensic Science – solving crimes
– Establishing relationships/paternity tests
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=PSwlCk_Z02c
DNA Fingerprinting
Ethics & Impacts
• Privacy
• Patenting life
– do you have the exclusive right to your DNA???
• Safety of transgenics
– Is the food safe?
• Regulation
– Are we justified in modifying an organism’s
characteristics?