Transcript how i can resist pressure to choose risk behaviors for hiv infection

HOW I CAN RESIST PRESSURE TO CHOOSE
RISK BEHAVIORS FOR HIV INFECTION
1. Be confident and say, “NO, I do not want to risk
becoming infected with HIV.”
2. Give reasons you will not choose risk behaviors for
HIV infection.
3. Repeat your reasons for NOT choosing risk
behaviors for HIV infection.
4. Do not send a mixed message.
5. Avoid situations in which there might be pressure to
choose risk behaviors for HIV infection.
6. Break off a relationship when someone continues to
pressure you to choose risk behaviors for HIV
infection.
7. Influence others to AVOID risk behaviors for HIV
infection.
10 REASONS WHY YOU DO NOT WANT TO BECOME
INFECTED WITH AN STD
1. I want to live a long, productive and healthful life.
2. I want to keep my body healthy.
3. I want my reproductive organs to function as they
should.
4. I want to keep my body free of recurring symptoms
of STDs.
5. I want to maintain self-respect.
6. I want to avoid unnecessary medical expenses.
7. I want to be able to tell a future marriage partner that
I have never been infected with an STD.
8. I want to have a healthful marriage without recurring
symptoms of an STD.
9. I want to remain fertile so that I have the option of
being a parent.
10. I do not want to infect my offspring with an STD.
SEXUALLY TRANSMITTED
DISEASES (STD) - a disease
caused by pathogens that are
transmitted from an infected
person to an unifected person
during intimate sexual contact.
ABSTINENCE – is choosing not to
be sexually active. (choosing not
to do anything to will harm your
body and health)
FACTS ABOUT HIV INFECTION
HUMAN IMMUNODEFICIENCY VIRUS (HIV) – is
a pathogen that destroys infection fighting T
cells in the body. HIV infection causes AIDS.
ACQUIRED IMMUNE DEFICIENCY (AIDS) –
is a condition that results when infection with
HIV causes a breakdown of the body’s ability
to fight other infections.
HIV IS SPREAD FROM INFECTED PERSONS TO
OTHERS BY CONTACT WITH 4 BODY FLUIDS.
1. BLOOD
2. VAGINAL SECRETIONS
3. BREAST MILK
4. SEMEN
WAYS HIV IS SPREAD
• Having sexual contact with a person
infected with HIV.
• Sharing a needle, syringe, or other injection
equipment with a person infected with HIV.
• Sharing a needle to make tattoos or to
pierce ears or other body parts with a
person infected with HIV.
• Having contact with the blood or other body
fluids, mucous membranes, or broken skin
of a person infected with HIV.
• Being born to a mother who is infected with
HIV.
WAYS HIV IS NOT SPREAD
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Closed mouth kissing
Hugging
Touching, holding, or shaking hands
Coughing or sneezing
Sharing food or eating utensils
Sharing towels or combs
Having casual contact with friends
Sharing bathroom facilities or water fountains
Sharing a pen or pencil
Being bitten by insects
Donating blood
Swimming in a pool
Using a telephone or computer used by someone else
WHAT TESTS ARE USED TO
DETERMINE A PERSON’S HIV STATUS
You cannot tell if people are infected with HIV
by the way they look. They might appear
healthy because there are no symptoms at first.
A person who is infected with HIV and has no
symptoms can spread HIV to someone else.
Any person who has chosen risky behavior
should be tested for HIV. Risky behaviors are
being sexually active, using injecting drugs, or
sharing needles. Other persons who have
certain signs or symptoms also should be
tested.
HIV STATUS – is the result of testing for HIV antibodies
in the blood.
HIV NEGATIVE – is a term used to describe a person
who does not have HIV antibodies in the blood.
HIV POSITIVE – is a term used to describe a person
who has HIV antibodies in the blood.
ELISA – is a test used on blood or mouth fluids to check
for HIV antibodies.
WESTERN BLOT - is a test used to confirm ELISA.
A person infected with HIV has AIDS when s(he)
has 200 or fewer helper T cells or an
opportunistic infection.
OPPORTUNISTIC INFECTIONS – are infections
that develop when a person has a weak
immune system.
1. PNEUMOCYSTIS CARINII PNEUMONIA
(PCP) – is a type of pneumonia found in
people who have AIDS. PCP makes it very
difficult to breathe.
2. KAPOSI’S SARCOMA (KS) – is a type of
cancer in people who have AIDS. KS causes
purple spots to develop on the skin.
3. AIDS DEMENTIA – is a loss of brain function
caused by HIV infection. It causes changes in
thinking, memory, and coordination.
FACTS ABOUT CHLAMYDIA
CHLAMYDIA – is an STD that causes inflammation of
the reproductive organs.
Caused: by a bacteria
Spread: by having sexual contact with an infected
partner.
Symptoms:
(MALE – painful urination, a discharge from the penis,
swelling in the scrotum. These symptoms usually
disappear in one to three weeks. Some males do not
have any symptoms, but still can infect a partner)
(FEMALE – half of infected females have no symptoms.
Those who have symptoms usually experience a
discharge from the vagina and burning during
urination.)
Diagnose: a cotton swab is used to collect a
sample of the discharge.
Treatment: antibiotics
Complications: infertility and Pelvic Inflammatory
Disease (PID) – a serious infection of the
internal female reproductive organs (can cause
scarring on the organs)
An infected and pregnant female can spread
chlamydia to her baby during delivery. The
bacteria can enter the baby’s eyes and lungs.
The baby can become blind and develop
pneumonia if they are not treated)
FACTS ABOUT NGU
NONGONOCOCCAL URETHRITIS (NGU) – is an STD
that causes inflammation of the urethra.
CAUSED: Chlamydia causes one third of cases, some
cases of NGU are caused by other pathogens such as
Trichomonas.
SPREAD: by sexual contact with an infected partner
SYMPTOMS: same as they are for Chlamydia
DIAGNOSE: patient’s symptoms and laboratory testing.
TREATMENT: varies depending on the pathogen that is
is identifited in the lab test.
COMPLICATIONS: FEMALES with NGU might develop
inflammation of the cervix, PID, and infertility. MALES
with NGU might develop narrowing of the urethra,
inflammation of the epididymis, and infertility.
FACTS ABOUT SYPHILIS
SYPHILIS – is an STD that produces chancres (hard,
round, painless sores) in the genital area and damage
to organs if untreated.
CAUSED: by a spiral-shaped bacterium
SPREAD: by having sexual contact with an infected
partner (an infected pregnant female can spread
syphilis to her developing baby. The bacteria enter the
baby’s bloodstream)
DIAGNOSE: blood test
TREATMENT: antibiotics
COMPLICATIONS: can be serious. Untreated syphilis
progresses to a 3rd stage. If a pregnant female has syphilis the
fetus is at risk. The pregnancy might result in a miscarriage,
stillbirth, or fetal death. If the baby lives, s(he) is at risk for:
Mental retardation, deafness, liver failure, excessive bleeding,
anemia, skin sore, and rashes.
SYMPTOMS:
1st Stage – appear in 10 days to 3 months after sexual contact
with an infected person. Chancres appear where the bacteria
entered the body. MALES – chancres appear on the penis.
FEMALES – they can appear outside the vagina or inside
where they cannot be seen. (Chancres can appear in the
mouth too) Chancres will go away in a few weeks if there is no
treatment. But the disease does not go away if it is not treated.
2nd Stage – begins 3 to 6 weeks after the chancres go away. A
skin rash develops in both males and females. It can cover the
whole body or part of the body. There might be fever, tiredness,
headaches, sore throat, and swollen glands. Theses symptoms
also go away if there is no treatment.
3rd Stage – body organs are damaged (heart, eyes, brain,
nervous system, bones and joints can be damaged. The 3rd
stage of syphilis can cause mental illness, blindness, paralysis,
heart disease, liver damage, and death.
FACTS ABOUT GONORRHEA
GONORRHEA – is an STD that infects the linings of the
genital and urinary tracts.
CAUSED: by a bacteria
SPREAD: by having sexual contact with an infected
partner.
SYMPTOMS:
(Males – include a milky discharge from the penis and
painful urination. Some males have no symptoms, but
they still can infect a partner.)
(Females – some infected females do not have
symptoms. Those who have symptoms experience
burning urination and a discharge from the vagina.
Without treatment, females can develop abdominal
pain and bleeding between periods)
DIAGNOSE: this STD in males, the discharge is
examined under a microscope. In females,
bacteria from the discharge are grown and
identified in the lab.
TREATMENT: antibiotics
COMPLICATIONS: PID in females and sterility in
males and females. Without treatment, the
bacteria can spread and infect the heart valves,
joints, and brain.
Infected pregnant females can spread
gonorrhea to her baby during delivery. The
bacteria enters the baby’s eyes and can lead to
blindness.
FACTS ABOUT PUBIC LICE
PUBIC LICE – is the infestation of the pubic hair by lice.
CAUSED: lice – are insects that attach to the skin and
cause itching and swelling.
SPREAD: by having sexual contact with an infected
partner. Lice can survive outside the body for as long
as a day. They can be spread by sleeping in infested
sheets, wearing infested clothing, or sharing an
infested towel.
SYMPTOMS: itching, and swelling in the pubic area. The
lice might be visible as little black dots.
DIAGNOSE: A Dr. examines the body to find the lice.
TREATMENT: a prescription drug is used as a shampoo
to kill the lice. OTC shampoos also can be used.
FACTS ABOUT CANDIDIASIS
CANDIDIASIS – is a fungal infection that causes itching
and burning.
CAUSED: the fungi that cause this infection are normally
present in the vagina.
SPREAD: they multiply if a female takes antibiotics or
uses vaginal sprays or douches. Spread by sexual
contact.
SYMPTOMS:
(Males – itching and burning during urination.)
(Females – itching, burning, and a discharge with an
odor.)
DIAGNOSE: a physician checks the symptoms.
TREATMENT: special creams and tablets
FACTS ABOUT GENITAL HERPES
CAUSED: by a virus that produces cold sores and blisters on the
sex organs or in the mouth.
SPREAD: by having sexual contact with an infected partner.
SYMPTOMS: appear about a week after sexual contact. Clusters
of small, painful blisters appear on the genital organs. The
blisters break open after a few days and become red, painful
open sores. There can be burning during urination. (tiredness,
fever, headache, and swollen glands) symptoms last about 2 to
4 weeks.
DIAGNOSE: fluid from the blisters is examined under a
microscope.
TREATMENT: NO CURE antiviral drugs are used to reduce the
severity of the outbreak.
COMPLICATIONS: NO CURE, the symptoms can recur when a
person is stressed or ill. This STD can spread even when there
are no symptoms. When the blisters break, it is easy for other
pathogens, such as HIV, to enter the open sores. An infected
female can spread genital herpes to her baby during delivery.
FACTS ABOUT VIRAL HEPATITIS
VIRAL HEPATITIS – a viral infection of the liver.
CAUSED: viral infection
SPREAD: spread by sexual contact
SYMPTOMS: often there are no symptoms, but when
symptoms are present (mild fever, muscle ache,
tiredness, loss of appetite, vomiting, and diarrhea) the
urine can be dark and the feces pale, there can be
abdominal pain and jaundice.
DIAGNOSE: blood tests confirm viral hepatitis.
TREATMENT: bed rest, a healthful diet, and no alcohol.
Drugs are given to help the liver function. Vaccines
are available for hepatitis A and B.
COMPLICATIONS: increases the risk of developing liver
cancer.
FACTS ABOUT GENITAL WARTS
GENITAL WARTS – is an STD that produces wart-like growths on
the sex organs.
CAUSED: by a virus
SPREAD: during sexual contact. Infected pregnant female can
infect her baby during delivery.
SYMPTOMS: appear 3 to 8 months after infection. The warts are
soft, red or pink, and look like cauliflower.
(Males – the warts appear on the penis and scrotum)
(Females – the warts appear on the enternal genital and inside
the vagina)
DIAGNOSE: the DR. inspects the warts to make a diagnosis.
TREATMENT: medication can be put on the genital warts (they
can be removed with liquid nitrogen and laser surgery)
COMPLICATIONS: the consequences of infection are serious.
The virus remains in the body and genital warts can recur. A
person who has had genital warts is at increased risk of
cancers of the cervix or penis.
FACTS ABOUT TRICHOMONIASIS
TRICHOMONIASIS – is an STD that infects the urethra
in males and the vagina in females.
CAUSED: by protozoa
SPREAD: by sexual contact and by sharing damp
towels with the protozoa on them.
SYMPTOMS:
(Males – include a thin, white discharge from the penis
and painful urination. Most have no symptoms)
(Females – about half of females have no symptoms.
Females who have symptoms experience a green or
gray vaginal discharge with an odor. They have
painful urination and itching. An infected female can
have a low birth weight baby)
DIAGNOSE: a smear of the discharge is examined
under a microscope.
TREATMENT: a prescription drug