Transcript Chapter 2 - Cloudfront.net

Chapter 2
Classifying Livings Things
Why Classify?
1. It provides an easier means of dealing
with living things by dividing them into
groups of similar organisms.
2. It makes information about specific
organisms easier to organize and find
Classification
The classification
system in use today
places organisms in
groups based on…
Physical Characteristics
The Modern Classification System
The Five Kingdoms
The Five Kingdoms
Kingdom Monera
Bacteria
Kingdom Protista
Algae & Protozoans
Kingdom Fungi
Mushrooms and molds
Kingdom Plantae
Green plants
Kingdom Animalia
Worms, Jellyfish, Dogs
The Kingdom Monera
1. Most are too small to see except with a
microscope.
2. Unicellular
or
↓
By themselves
colonial
↓
In a Group
3. Lack some cellular parts
The Kingdom Monera
Examples: Bacteria and
Blue Green Algae
Blue green Algae
E. coli bacteria
Spirilla bacteria
The Kingdom Protista
1. Unicellular or colonial
2. None produce tissues.
•
Two Main Groups:
1. Algae – Contain chlorophyll and therefore,
produce own food
2. Protozoans- Obtain food from other
sources.
Example: Amebas
The Kingdom Protista
The Kingdom Fungi
1. Unicellular or Colonial
2. Lack chlorophyll (even though they look
plantlike.)
3. Obtain food by secreting enzymes.
4. The feed on dead and living things.
Examples: Mushrooms and Molds
The Kingdom Fungi
The Kingdom Plantae
1. Have tissues.
2. Use the green pigment chlorophyll to
manufacture food.
3. Have a cell wall.
Examples: Trees, moss, flowers
The Kingdom Plantae
The Kingdom Animalia
1.
2.
3.
4.
Have tissues
Do not contain chlorophyll
Do not their own food make
Have cells, but not the stiff cell walls of
plants.
Problems with Classifying
1. People make mistakes.
2. Similarities between organisms in a
group are not always clearly defined.
For example: Horses and Zebras are in
the same Genus, but are grouped as
separate only based on different colored
skins!
Significance of Classifying and
Naming
1. Classifying is something man does for
his convenience.
2. Classification does not mean organisms
are “related”…
it does not prove or show
common ancestry!
Scientific Names
Each organism is given
one scientific name.
Example: Canis
familiaris
Scientific name for
dog.
Scientific Name
First part Canis is the Genus
Second part familiaris is the species name
Genus is always capitalized!!
Species and Biblical Kind
• Biblical Kind and Species are not the
same thing.