Transcript Bacteria
Kingdom Monera Bacteria! What Is it? When classifying living things, bacteria fall under Kingdom Monera, which the the least complex kingdom. Kingdom Monera can be sub divided into two sub kingdoms: • Eubacteria – These are considered to be true bacteria. • Archaebacteria – These are the oldest living organisms on Earth, and they live in extreme conditions. They are all unicellular and prokaryotic. Fact: Each square centimetre of your skin averages about 100,000 bacteria. Characteristics Bacteria can fall under three different groups, depending on their type of respiration. Obligate Aerobes: They require oxygen to survive. Example: Obligate Anaerobes: They live in environments where there is little to no oxygen. Example: Facultative Anaerobes: Structure Functions Pili: Capsule: Plasmid: Flagellum: Nucleoid: Reproduction One method bacteria use to reproduce is called binary fission. This is a type of asexual reproduction, meaning you do not need another set of gametes to create an offspring. Reproduction Another method bacteria use to reproduce is called conjugation. This is a type of sexual reproduction, and the bacteria exchange plasmid DNA. This is how bacteria become resistant to antibiotics. Shapes Bacteria can have three different shapes: 1. Rod shaped are called bacillus/bacilli 2. Sphere shaped are called coccus/cocci 3. Spiral shape are called spirrillum/spirilli Arrangement Diplo = In pairs Strepto = In a chain Staphylo = In a cluster Streptococcus Staphylococcus Gram Stains • Important in medicine because it provides information for treatment of bacterial disease. • Bacteria stain either gram positive(purple) or gram negative (pink). • Gram positive tend to respond to penicillin and like antibiotics. • Gram negative respond to types of antibiotics unrelated to penicillin. Antibiotics • Types of medications that destroy or slow down the growth of bacteria. They do not work for viral infections. • They work by attacking parts of the bacteria cells that are involved with making proteins (ribosomes), or preventing the cell from multiplying. Antibiotics can also create holes in the cell, which allows antibodies to enter. • Since viruses do not have any organelles to carry out cellular functions, antibiotics are not affective in getting rid of a virus. The antibiotic essentially has nothing to attack in a virus. Benefits Lactic acid bacteria have been used to ferment or culture foods for at least 4000 years. Examples: Products like yogurt and cheese. There are also many, many times of bacteria in your intestines, which help to synthesis vitamins, produce stool, protect against yeast infections, immunity, and colon cancer.