Transcript Industrial Uses of Enzymes

Industrial Uses of Enzymes
Washing powders
food manufacture
Drink manufacture
What are enzymes?
Enzymes are _______ found in living cells which act as
biological _______ . Enzymes have a specific _______
which means they can only work on ____reaction each.
Enzymes work best at a particular temperature called the
_______ temperature. Above this temperature the
enzymes are ________(or denatured). This is because
their ________ is changed. Enzymes also work best at
an optimum ______.
one
shape
optimum
pH
catalysts
shape
destroyed
proteins
Fermentation
Yeast (a micro-organism) contains enzymes which
change sugar into ethanol (alcohol).
A second product of the reaction is carbon dioxide.
Uses of fermentation
include:
•Brewing
•Making wine
•Bread making
Fermentation is a chemical reaction.
Glucose (sugar) yeast
C6H12O6
Ethanol(alcohol) + carbon dioxide
2C2H5OH
+
2CO2
Cheese
 Milk is heated to 70 C for 30 minutes to kill harmful bacteria.
This is called pasteurisation.
 After cooling to 30 C useful bacteria are added.
 These bacteria produce an enzyme which changes lactose into
lactic acid.
 This makes the milk turn sour.
 Rennet is added which contains the enzyme rennin. This
makes the milk curdle.
 The lumps are called curds and these are the basis for cheese.
 Other bacteria or fungi are added to ripen the cheese. This
gives each type of cheese its characteristic smell and flavour.
Washing Powders
Enzymes in the washing
powders are used to digest
some stains. Proteases would
remove protein stains such as
blood. Lipases would remove
fat stains and cellulases
remove loose bobbles