Transcript 13ClassificationPPT04

CLASSIFICATION
I. Taxonomy
A. What is of Taxonomy?
• The science of naming organisms and classifying them
into groups
B. Why classify?
• Provides a universal language so scientists can
communicate globally
• Groups organisms to show evolutionary relationships
C. How do we classify?
• Physical similarity.
• Genetic similarity.
II. Levels of Classification
•Example 2:
A. Organisms grouped in increasing levels of specificity
•Levels
Kingdom
Phylum
Class
Order
Family
Genus
Species
•Analogy
Continent
Country
State
County
City
Street
#
•Example
Animalia
Chordata
Mammalia
Primates
Hominidae
Homo
sapiens
King Philip Came Over For Great Sandwiches
II. Biological Classification
B. Naming Organisms
a. Developed by Carolus Linnaeus
and is known as
binomial nomenclature
b. The rules:
• Scientific names have two
parts: Genus and species
Homo sapien (human)
Felis domesticus (cat)
• Capitalize Genus, but not
species
• Underline or put in italics
Father of Taxonomy
II. Biological Classification
C. Cladograms Show evolutionary relationships. Each branch indicates shared
characteristics (which are often noted on the branch itself).
Numbers are millions of years ago
See pp. 608-609 in textbook
III. The Six Kingdoms
A. Kingdom Archaebacteria
• Organisms are prokaryotes, single cellular
• Organisms do NOT have carbohydrates in cell wall
• Organisms live in harsh environments:
anaerobic (no oxygen) mud
found in digestive tract of animals
extremely hot or salty water
III. The Six Kingdom System
B. Kingdom Eubacteria
• Larger of the two bacteria kingdoms
• Organisms are prokaryotes (cells do not have a
nucleus nor membrane enclosed organelles), single
celled
• Organisms have carbohydrates in cell wall
• Populations are widespread
and diverse
• Example: cyanobacteria
(blue-green bacteria)
III. The Six Kingdom System
C. Kingdom Protista
• Organisms are eukaryotes (cells with a nucleus and
membrane enclosed organelles)
• Organisms are often single-celled or multicellular
• Organisms are animal, plant, or fungus-like but can’t
be classified as one or the other
• Examples: Amoeba, Diatoms and algae
III. The Six Kingdom System
D. Kingdom Fungi
• Organisms are eukaryotes with cell walls
• Organisms are heterotrophic (obtains energy from
the food it eats). Multi-cellular.
• Examples: mushrooms, mold, and yeast
III. The Six Kingdom System
E. Kingdom Plantae
• Organisms are eukaryotes and multicellular
• Cells are surrounded by cell walls
• Organisms are autotrophic (make their own food
through photosynthesis)
• Examples: plants, mosses, and ferns
III. The Six Kingdom System
F. Kingdom Animalia
• Organisms are multicellular with eukaryotic cells
that lack cell walls
• Organisms are heterotrophic
• Organisms reproduce sexually
• Examples: fish, insects, mammals