Transcript Evolution 3
THE HISTORY OF LIFE • • • • • • EARLY HISTORY OF EARTH EVIDENCE HOW OLD IS SOMETHING? WHAT IS GEOLOGIC TIME? FIRST CELLS ENDOSYMBIONT THEORY Courtesy NASA/JPL-Caltech http://origins.jpl.nasa.gov/habitable-planets/invest16.html Life Sciences-HHMI Outreach. Copyright 2006 President and Fellows of Harvard College. THE HISTORY OF LIFE • • • • • • EARLY HISTORY OF EARTH EVIDENCE HOW OLD IS SOMETHING? WHAT IS GEOLOGIC TIME? FIRST CELLS ENDOSYMBIONT THEORY Courtesy NASA/JPL-Caltech http://origins.jpl.nasa.gov/habitable-planets/invest16.html Life Sciences-HHMI Outreach. Copyright 2006 President and Fellows of Harvard College. WHAT DO YOU THINK EARLY EARTH WAS LIKE? • HOW OLD? • 4.5 BILLION YEARS • BIG BANG - GRAVITY CAUSES DUST PARTICLES TO CONDENSE • METEORS FOR MILLIONS OF YEARS - HOW HOT WOULD THE EARTH BE? • EARTH HAS TO COOL DOWN - STEAM ESCAPES AND RAIN ALLOWS COLLECTION OF WATER EARTH NOW HAS…… • ATMOSPHERE OF AMMONIA, METHANE, WATER VAPOR, CO2, AND NITROGEN • WHAT IS MISSING? Life Sciences-HHMI Outreach. Copyright 2006 President and Fellows of Harvard College. THE HISTORY OF LIFE • • • • • • EARLY HISTORY OF EARTH EVIDENCE HOW OLD IS SOMETHING? WHAT IS GEOLOGIC TIME? FIRST CELLS ENDOSYMBIONT THEORY Courtesy NASA/JPL-Caltech http://origins.jpl.nasa.gov/habitable-planets/invest16.html Life Sciences-HHMI Outreach. Copyright 2006 President and Fellows of Harvard College. WHAT EVIDENCE DO SCIENTISTS USE? • FOSSILS! – – – – – – TRACE MOLD CAST AMBER IMPRINT PETRIFIED Images courtesy of the UC Museum of Paleontology Understanding Evolution: http://evolution.berkeley.edu." Life Sciences-HHMI Outreach. Copyright 2006 President and Fellows of Harvard College. • WHERE ARE FOSSILS USUALLY FOUND? • WHO STUDIES THESE? • HOW DO SCIENTISTS DETERMINE THE AGE OF SOMETHING BILLIONS OF YEARS OLD? – RELATIVE DATING – RADIOMETRIC DATING Understanding Evolution: http://evolution.berkeley.edu." Life Sciences-HHMI Outreach. Copyright 2006 President and Fellows of Harvard College. THE HISTORY OF LIFE • • • • • • EARLY HISTORY OF EARTH EVIDENCE HOW OLD IS SOMETHING? WHAT IS GEOLOGIC TIME? FIRST CELLS ENDOSYMBIONT THEORY Courtesy NASA/JPL-Caltech http://origins.jpl.nasa.gov/habitable-planets/invest16.html Life Sciences-HHMI Outreach. Copyright 2006 President and Fellows of Harvard College. GEOLOGICAL TIME • TOO OLD FOR YEARS OR MONTHS • FOUR ERAS DEPENDING ON WHICH ORGANISMS LIVED • PRECAMBRIAN • PALEOZOIC • MESOZOIC • CENOZOIC Life Sciences-HHMI Outreach. Copyright 2006 President and Fellows of Harvard College. WHY DO WE HAVE DIFFERENT ERA’S? Image courtesy of the UC Museum of Paleontology Understanding Evolution: http://evolution.berkeley.edu." Life Sciences-HHMI Outreach. Copyright 2006 President and Fellows of Harvard College. PRECAMBRIAN • WHAT DO SCIENTISTS THINK WAS ALIVE WAY BACK THEN?? • BACTERIA • THIS ERA LASTED FOR BILLIONS OF YEARS UNTIL MORE LIVING ORGANISMS EVOLVED Dr Tom Tregenza © Tom Tregenza Dr Gordon Beakes © University of Newcastle upon Tynelicensed IMAGES for use through the Centre for Bioscience ImageBank,http://www.bioscience.heacademy.ac.uk/imagebank/" Life Sciences-HHMI Outreach. Copyright 2006 President and Fellows of Harvard College. PALEOZOIC ERA 540 MILLION YEARS AGO!! • NOW THE EARTH IS GETTING LARGER LIFE! • FIRST PART OF PALEOZOIC IS CALLED CAMBRIAN • PROTISTS! • SEA PLANTS! • SEA ANIMALS! • LAND PLANTS! • LAND ANIMALS! • WHAT ENDED THE PALEOZOIC ERA?? • MASS EXTINCTION! Dr. Thomas W. Kammer IMAGES for use through the Centre for Bioscience ImageBank,http://www.bioscience.heacademy.ac.uk/imagebank/" Life Sciences-HHMI Outreach. Copyright 2006 President and Fellows of Harvard College. www.carnegiemnh.org/ip/tours/virtual/hall.htm Image courtesy of the UC Museum of Paleontology Understanding Evolution: http://evolution.berkeley.edu." Image courtesy of the UC Museum of Paleontology Understanding Evolution: http://evolution.berkeley.edu." Life Sciences-HHMI Outreach. Copyright 2006 President and Fellows of Harvard College. MESOZOIC ERA 245 MILLION YEARS AGO!! • • • • • • • • DINOSAURS REPTILES SMALL MAMMALS APPEAR BIRDS EVOLVE PLATE TECTONICS WHAT ENDED THE MESOZOIC ERA? MASS EXTINCTION! ? METERORITE Life Sciences-HHMI Outreach. Copyright 2006 President and Fellows of Harvard College. http://geology.utah.gov/utahgeo/dinofossil/dinoage.htm Image courtesy of the UC Museum of Paleontology Understanding Evolution: http://evolution.berkeley.edu." Life Sciences-HHMI Outreach. Copyright 2006 President and Fellows of Harvard College. CENOZOIC ERA 66 MILLION YEARS AGO! • MAMMALS FLOURISH • PRIMATES ABOUT 30 MILLION YEARS AGO • MODERN HUMAN SPECIES – ABOUT 200,000 YEARS AGO Life Sciences-HHMI Outreach. Copyright 2006 President and Fellows of Harvard College. Tom Tregenza © Tom Tregenza Tom Tregenza © Tom Tregenza Dr Gordon Beakes © University of Newcastle upon Tyne Tom Tregenza © Tom Tregenza Prof Paul F. Brain © University of Wales, Swansea licensed for use through the Centre for Bioscience ImageBank,http://www.bioscience.heacademy.ac.uk/imagebank/" Life Sciences-HHMI Outreach. Copyright 2006 President and Fellows of Harvard College. THE HISTORY OF LIFE • • • • • • EARLY HISTORY OF EARTH EVIDENCE HOW OLD IS SOMETHING? WHAT IS GEOLOGIC TIME? FIRST CELLS ENDOSYMBIONT THEORY Courtesy NASA/JPL-Caltech http://origins.jpl.nasa.gov/habitable-planets/invest16.html Life Sciences-HHMI Outreach. Copyright 2006 President and Fellows of Harvard College. HOW WERE THE FIRST CELLS MADE? • • • • DOES ANYONE KNOW FOR SURE? SPONATEOUS GENERATION VS BIOGENESIS FRANCESCO REDI LOUIS PASTEUR’S EXPERIMENT http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Louis_Pasteur Life Sciences-HHMI Outreach. Copyright 2006 President and Fellows of Harvard College. LOUIS PASTEUR Pasteur filled a flask with medium, heated it to kill all life, and then drew out the neck of the flask into a long S. This prevented microorganisms in the air from entering the flask, yet allowed air to flow freely. If the swan neck was broken, microbes could enter the flask and grow. http://www.bact.wisc.edu/Microtextbook/index.php?module=Book&func=displayarticle&art_id=27 Life Sciences-HHMI Outreach. Copyright 2006 President and Fellows of Harvard College. • ALEXANDER OPARIN - CREATION OF MACROMOLECULES WITHOUT OXYGEN • STANLEY MILLER AND HAROLD UREY EXPERIMENT http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Image:Miller-Urey_experiment_en.png creative commons copyright Life Sciences-HHMI Outreach. Copyright 2006 President and Fellows of Harvard College. ONE CELL ORGANISMS NOW! • FIRST BACTERIA AROUND 3.5 BILLION YEARS AGO • SOME ARE CYANOBACTERIA - THESE ARE PHOTOSYNTHETIC BACTERIA - HMMMMMMM • WHAT ARE THESE BACTERIA GOING TO PRODUCE? • ALMOST 10% ABOUT 2.5 BILLION YEARS AGO • WHAT TYPE OF CELLS ARE BACTERIA? • WHAT TYPE OF CELLS ARE ALL OTHER ORGANISMS? • WHERE DID EUKARYOTIC CELLS COME FROM? • ENDOSYMBIOSIS Dr Gordon Beakes © University of Newcastle upon Tynelicensed for use through the Centre for Bioscience ImageBank,http://www.bioscience.heacademy.ac.uk/imagebank/" Life Sciences-HHMI Outreach. Copyright 2006 President and Fellows of Harvard College. THE HISTORY OF LIFE • • • • • • EARLY HISTORY OF EARTH EVIDENCE HOW OLD IS SOMETHING? WHAT IS GEOLOGIC TIME? FIRST CELLS ENDOSYMBIONT THEORY Courtesy NASA/JPL-Caltech http://origins.jpl.nasa.gov/habitable-planets/invest16.html Life Sciences-HHMI Outreach. Copyright 2006 President and Fellows of Harvard College. ENDOSYMBIOSIS BEGINNING OF THE EUKARYOTIC CELLS • EVIDENCE FOR ENDOSYMBIOSIS • DNA evolution.berkeley.edu/evolibrary/article/0_0_0/endosymbiosis_03 Life Sciences-HHMI Outreach. Copyright 2006 President and Fellows of Harvard College. HISTORY OF LIFE Beth Mick - Lesson Plan • How Much Is a Billion? Author: Anne Monk http://evolution.berkeley.edu/evosite/search/sea rch_lessons.php?sort_by=audi • LECTURE - PPT SLIDE • EARLY EARTH ANIMATION - 2006-LS-HHMI • Time line Activity modifed from Glencoe • Access Excellence Evolution: Teaching Radioactive Decay: Radioactive Half-Life and Dating Techniques Daniel Gray www.accessexcellence.org/AE/AEPC/WWC/1995/teach_rad. html • Determining age of rocks and fossils http://www.ucmp.berkeley.edu/fosrec/McKinney.html Life Sciences-HHMI Outreach. Copyright 2006 President and Fellows of Harvard College. References • Biology: The Dynamics of Life; Glencoe 2004 • http://evolution.berkeley.edu/evolibrary/home.php • http://www.hhmi.org/biointeractive/evolution/inde x.html • http://www.accessexcellence.org/AE/AEPC/WWC /1995/ Life Sciences-HHMI Outreach. Copyright 2006 President and Fellows of Harvard College.