Transcript Dietary Supplements

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Life Sciences-HHMI Outreach. Copyright 2009 President and Fellows of Harvard College.
Athletes are continually striving to improve their performance.
Sometimes the athletes turn to sources outside their diet to try and
enhance natural body processes that may give them an edge on the
playing field. Increase in performance may mean more money, more
playing time, or maybe entrance or scholarship into school. Think about
it ….. When you are a spectator at an event is
it not exciting to witness those athletic performances that are beyond
belief?
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In 1994 Congress defined the term dietary supplement in
the Dietary Supplement Health and Education Act. A
dietary supplement is a product (other than tobacco) that
1. Is intended to supplement the diet
2. Contains one or more of the following dietary ingredients
:
• Vitamins
• Minerals
• Herbs or other botanicals
• Amino acids
• Enzymes
http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/dietarysupplements.html
3. Is intended to be taken by mouth as a pill, capsule, tablet,
or liquid
4. Labeled on the front panel as being a dietary supplement.
Life Sciences-HHMI Outreach. Copyright 2009 President and Fellows of Harvard College.
Dietary supplements fall under the jurisdiction of the Food and Drug
Administration. They, however are treated differently from other food
and drugs. They are not directly tested by the FDA. In order
for a dietary supplement to be considered a dietary supplement and
not a drug, the manufacturer can only make the following types of
claims
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Life Sciences-HHMI Outreach. Copyright 2009 President and Fellows of Harvard College.
Health claim- A claim that
describes how the supplement
reduces the likelihood of developing
a disease or health condition.
“Diets low in sodium may
reduce the risk of high blood
pressure, a disease associated
with many factors.”
“Development of cancer
depends on many factors. A
diet low in total fat may
reduce the risk of some
cancers.”
Life Sciences-HHMI Outreach. Copyright 2009 President and Fellows of Harvard College.
Nutrient content claim- A claim
that describes the amount of a
nutrient.
“100 calories”
"high in oat
bran“
"contains
Life Sciences-HHMI Outreach. Copyright 2009 President and Fellows of Harvard College.
Structure/Function claim- A
claim that suggests how the
supplement may affect organs or
organ systems.
Example:
“Calcium builds strong bones."
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Life Sciences-HHMI Outreach. Copyright 2009 President and Fellows of Harvard College.
Dietary supplements are not evaluated
by the FDA. They cannot claim to treat,
cure or prevent the disease or condition.
The manufacturers must label their
products stating that they have not been
tested by the FDA.
"This statement has not been
evaluated by the FDA. This
product is not intended to
diagnose, treat, cure, or
prevent any disease"
Life Sciences-HHMI Outreach. Copyright 2009 President and Fellows of Harvard College.
In 2007 the FDA passed new regulations called
the Good Manufacturing Practices. The
manufacturers are expected to abide by these
measures which ensure that their products meet
certain sanitary standards. The supplements are
also expected to be labeled truthfully regarding
the identity, purity, strength, and composition.
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Life Sciences-HHMI Outreach. Copyright 2009 President and Fellows of Harvard College.
Unlike products that are labeled as
drugs the FDA must prove that the
supplements are DANGEROUS before
they can be pulled from the market.
Drug companies need to first prove that
the products are SAFE before they can
be put on the market.
http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/dietarysupplements.html
Life Sciences-HHMI Outreach. Copyright 2009 President and Fellows of Harvard College.
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Dietary supplements may have side effects.
They may also interact with certain medications.
Despite this these supplements have become very
popular in recent years.
Life Sciences-HHMI Outreach. Copyright 2009 President and Fellows of Harvard College.

Between June 2006 and June 2007, U.S.
consumers spent $744 million on them, a 34
percent increase over the previous year
(Consumer Reports, 2007).
http://www.ific.org/foodinsight/2008/jf/energydrinksfi108.cfm
Life Sciences-HHMI Outreach. Copyright 2009 President and Fellows of Harvard College.

We will be using
fruit flies to see
what effect
different dietary
supplements will
have on the fruit fly.
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Life Sciences-HHMI Outreach. Copyright 2009 President and Fellows of Harvard College.
WHY FRUIT FLIES?
Can reproduce quickly
Hundreds of fruit flies can live in a small
container.
(Big Sample = Good Data!)
 Small size will increase the metabolic effect.
 Fruit flies and humans share many genes,
cellular processes, brain cell development,
and behaviors.
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Life Sciences-HHMI Outreach. Copyright 2009 President and Fellows of Harvard College.
Life cycle by day
Day 0: Female lays eggs
Day 1: Eggs hatch
Day 2: First stage (one day in length)
Day 3: Second stage (one day in length)
Day 5: Third and final stage (two days in length)
Day 7: Larvae begin roaming stage. Pupal
formation occurs 120 hours after egg laying
Day 11-12: Adults emerge from the pupa case.
Females become sexually mature 8-10 hours after
emerging.
Life Sciences-HHMI Outreach. Copyright 2009 President and Fellows of Harvard College.
References
http://www.fda.gov/Food/DietarySupplements/ConsumerInformation
http://biology.arizona.edu/sciconn/lessons2/Geiger/intro2.htm