Transcript Unit 9: Classification

Unit 9:
Classification
Grouping of different
types of organisms
based upon
similarities in
structure
and evolutionary
relationships known
as Taxonomy
A. ________________________
Designed by ______________
Each organism gets 2 names
(Generally 2 Latin names)
________________
Homo sapiens - ________
Canis lupus - _________
B. ______________
- Classification based on the evolutionary
relationships of organisms
- Constantly being restructured based on ______________
Kingdom = a group of ________
Phylum = a group of _________
Class = a group of _____________
Order = a group of ____________
Family = a group of ____________
Genus = a group of _______________
species = the fundamental grouping of phylogeny.
Organisms that breed viable offspring
Example: Humans
Asian Wild Apple
Kingdom AnimaliaPlantae
Phylum
ChordataMagnoliophyta
Class
Mammalia
Magnoliopsida
Order
Primata Rosales
Family
Hominidae
Rosaceae sub family:Maloideae
Genus
Homo
Malus
species
sapien
sieversii
The more closely related two organisms are the more
similar their taxonomic key.
Kingdom
Animalia
Animalia
Animalia
Phylum
Chordata
Chordata
Chordata
Class
Mammalia
Mammalia
Mammalia
Order
Carnivora
Carnivora
Carnivora
Family
Felidae
Felidae
Felidae
Genus
Lynx
Lynx
Puma
species
rufus
canadensis
concolor
Which ones are more closely related?
If two organisms have the same Genus then the
kingdom, phylum, class, order, and family are likely
to be the same
Which ones are more closely related?
Felis domestica
Musca domestica
Felis bieti
2. Cladogram
- evolution tree diagram
- classifys organisms on similarities and evolutionary
decent
Which organisms are more
closely related?
Human
Ancestors
Cladogram
C. The 5 Kingdoms  6 Kingdoms  3 Domains
Bacteria and Archaea
used to be one
kingdom called
monera
Domain
Archaea
Bacteria
Kingdom Archaebacteria Eubacteria
Eukarya
Protista
Fungi
Plantae
Animalia
Most
Multicellular Multicellular
Multicellular
Some
unicellular
Unicellular
Unicellular
Most
Unicellular
Cell Type Prokaryote
Prokaryote
Eukaryote
Eukaryote
Eukaryote
Eukaryote
Cell walls
with
peptidoglycan
Some cell
walls of
cellulose,
some
chloroplasts
Cell walls
of chitin
Cell wall of
cellulose,
chloroplasts
No cell
walls, no
chloroplasts
# of
Cells
Cell
Structures
Mode of
nutrition
Cell walls
without
peptidoglycan
Autotroph
anaerobic
Autotroph or
Heterotroph
Heterotroph
Examples
Methanogens,
halophiles
Streptococcus
E. coli
Autotroph
or
Heterotroph
Amoeba,
Paramecium,
slime
molds,
kelp
Heterotroph Autotroph
Mushrooms
, Mold,
Yeast
Mosses,
ferns,
plants
Heterotroph
Sponges,
worms,
insects,
fish,
humans