Transcript Tiny Assassins - Alex LeMay – Science

Burrito Book of
Microbiology
Tales of Tiny Assassins
What Do We Really Need To
Know?
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basic characteristics
how they infect a host
what diseases they cause
how they can be stopped.
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Viruses
and Bacteria
How Viruses
Attack
There is a HUGE difference in their sizes.
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Viruses are 1/10th to 1/100,000th the size of a bacterium.
Bacteria are 1/10th to 1/100,000th the size of a protist
Viruses - Basic Characteristics
What is a virus?
A non-living container of
DNA.
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Not a cell
Must use another
organism to reproduce
Virus Structures and Examples
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How We Get Viruses
･Sneezes!
･Coughs
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･Bites from
infected animals
or insects
･Exposure to infected bodily fluids
through activities such as sexual
intercourse or sharing hypodermic
needles.
Once a virus has found a new host…
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Diseases Caused By Virus
Measles, mumps, rubella, polio,
encephalits, diptheria, chicken pox,
small pox, mono, warts,
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…viral pneumonia...
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Flu epidemic of 1918
Polio Victim
…and also colds, flu, HIV,
yellow fever,herpes, bird
flu , hepitiusA/B and
many more!
How do You Stop A Virus?
• Immunizations
• Natural antibodies
• Avoid others who are
infected
• Wash your hands
• Maintain a strong
immune system
Monoclonal antibody
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What are Bacteria?
Single-celled prokaryotes with tiny flagella.
• Different bacteria
can “eat”
everything from
sunlight, to sugar
to iron and sulfur,
and may emit
toxins as waste
products.
• and in large amounts.
They can be found everywhere
100,000 / square inch of skin; 1,000,000,000 /teaspoo
of dirt.
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Bacteria Forms
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Sphere-shaped
bacteria (cocci)
sometimes grow
in chains or in
clumps like a
bunch of grapes.
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Rod-shaped
bacteria
(bacilli) can
also form in
chains.
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Spiral-shaped
bacteria (spirilla)
can use their
shape to propel
themselves by
twisting like a
corkscrew.
Diseases Caused by
Bacteria
• Whooping Cough･Leprosy･Tetanus･
Salmonella ･Botulism Scarlet fever･
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Tetanus
Ear Ache Strep throat
･Cholera･Dysentery
Gonorrhea･Anthrax ･
Diphtheria ･ Syphilis･
Tuberculosis
Bacterial Pneumonia
And don’t forget Septicemia!
Leprosy
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How Bacteria Invades
• Coughs or sneezes!
• Close contact with an
infected person
• Contact with feces
• Cuts
• Indirectly, by touching
contaminated surfaces
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•Drinking contaminated water
•Eating contaminated food
without cooking it thoroughly.
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How
Prevented/Cured/Manged
Antibiotics
Disinfectants
Clean water
Cooking meat
throughly
WASHING
HANDS!!!!
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…and I’d wash carefully after
wearing that meat, too…
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Protists
• Stained Volvox and Amoebas
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Basic Characteristics Of
Protists
• Single-celled eukaryotes
• Live in water
• Everyone classifies differently
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Giardia
Kelp
Can live in colonies so they look big, like kelp.
Sickness Caused By
Protists
Pfeisteria -pfeisteria dinoflagellate
Malaria - plasmodium
Amoebic dysentery -Entamoeba histolytica
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Pfeisteria dinoflagelate
Most protists are benign to humans.
How They Infect
• Consumed in dirty water
• Mosquito bites
• Uncooked food
How to Prevent Infection
• Clean water
• Insecticides, anti-malarial medicines
• Cooking food thoroughly
Fungi Characteristics
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•Eat decomposing
organic material
•Like moist areas
•Come in many
forms
•Macroscopic and
microscopic
• Mycelium and hyphae structure
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Sicknesses Caused by
Fungi
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Ringworm
Athelete’s Foot
Yeast Infection
Poisoning
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How fungi infect
• Spores carry on the wind everywhere.
• Athelete’s Foot - direct contact with
fungus on surfaces
• Bacteria/fungal imbalance
How Prevented/Cured
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Fungicides
Good hygene
Avoiding fungus-friendly surfaces
Don’t eat wild mushrooms!
What’s on Tuesday’s Test?
• All this info about small things that kill
you:
• Viruses, bacteria, fungus, protists:
– What they look like, misc. important
information, diseases caused by, how to
prevent.
What Do We Need To Know
About Cells?
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How to use a microscope
Cell Theory
The difference between animal and plant cells.
Role and function of the cell organelles.
Cell processes: photosynthesis, respiration, and
mitosis/meiosis.