Transcript 1. Define the following terms

1. Bacterial cells were first discovered in
the late 1600's by Anton van Leewenhoek.
How did he discover them?

He took
scrapings from
his teeth!!
2. Bacterial cells are considered to be
Prokaryotes
__________________
because they lack a
nucleus.
3. Where is the genetic material located in a
In the cytoplasm of the cell.
bacterial cell? _______________________
4. What are the three basic shapes
of a bacterial cell?
a) Spherical
b) Rod-Like
c) Spiral
5. Describe the basic structures of
the bacterial cell.
Helps protect the cell.
a) cell wall: _______________________________
Determines the chemical make up of the bacterial cell
_______________________________________
Controls what material passes in and out of the cell.
a) cell membrane:__________________________
Gel like region inside the cell membrane.
b) cytoplasm ______________________________
Chemical factories where proteins are produced.
c) ribosomes ______________________________
d) genetic material __________________________
Contains the instructions for all cell functions.
e) flagellum
Whip like structure that helps the bacteria move.
________________________________
Label the diagram
b (cell membrane)
c (cytoplasm)
a (cell wall)
e (genetic material)
d (ribosomes)
f (flagellum)
6. List three characteristics of
Archaebacteria?
a) They are ancient. They are believed to have
existed on earth for billions of years.
b) Today's archaebacteria resemble Earth's first
life forms.
c) They live in extreme environments:

hots springs of over 110 degrees.

salty water like Utah's Great Salt Lake

Foul smelling places like the bottom of
swamps and in sewage.
7. List three characteristics of Eubacteria?
a) They live everywhere except extreme environments.
For example they coat your skin and swarm your
nose.
b) Many are useful and/or harmless
c) They help other organisms survive by maintaining
Earth's physical conditions.


Early autorophs helped add oxygen to the
atmosphere
Today autotrophs help maintain Earth's oxygen level
at 20%.
8. Why are Eubacteria and Archaebacteria
placed in separate kingdoms?
Because although they look alike, they are very different chemically.
___________________________________
Define the following terms
9. asexual reproduction
_________________________________
Reproductive process that involves only one parent.
Produces offspring that are identical to the parents.
_________________________________
10. binary fission
_________________________________
Reproductive method of bacteria where one cell divides to form
two
identical cells. Binary fission is a form of asexual reproduction
_________________________________
Define the following terms
11. sexual reproduction
Reproductive process that involves two parents.
_________________________________
Produces offspring that are genetically different from the parents.
_________________________________
10. conjugation
Reproductive method of bacteria where one cell transfers genetic
_________________________________
material to another by forming a thread like bridge between the cells.
_________________________________
Conjugation is a form of simple sexual reproduction in bacteria.
_________________________________
Bacterial Reproduction
Binary
Fission
Conjugation
13. Bacterial reproduction can result in two
different types of offspring:
Binary Fission
_______________ produces offspring
genetically identical to the parents.
Conjugation
_______________
produces offspring
genetically different from the parents.
14. Bacterial cells can obtain food from a
variety of sources:
autotroph
a)__________ bacteria that make their own food.
heterotroph
b)___________ bacteria that obtain food by
consuming other autotrophs or heterotrophs.
15. The process of breaking down food to
obtain energy is called_________________
Respiration.
16. Endospore ______________________
Small, rounded, thick-walled, resting cell that forms
___________________________________
inside a bacterial cell. Contains the cell's genetic material and some of it's cytoplasm
17. Why do bacterial cells form endospores?
Endospores form when conditions become unfavorable for the bacteria.
____________________________________
____________________________________
Endospores can resist freezing, heating and drying allowing a new bacterial cell
to form when conditions become favorable again
____________________________________
18. List five positive roles of bacteria
in today's society:
a) Fuel production
b) Food Production
c) Environmental recycling
d) Environmental clean-up
e) Production of medicines.