Transcript Classification

Classification
to group ideas, information, or objects based on similarities
Classifying: _______________________________________
_________________________________________________
the science of grouping and naming organisms
Taxonomy: ________________________________________
_________________________________________________
Aristotle: _________________________________________
the first to classify living things into 2 kingdoms: plants and animals
_________________________________________________
came up with a two-word naming system called
Carolus Linnaeus: __________________________________
binomial nomenclature
_________________________________________________
Binomial Nomenclature: a 2-name system where organisms are
Genus
species
called by their __________
and ______________
names.
housecat
Ex: Felis catus is a ___________________.
Kingdom
Phylum
Today’s classification system has 7 groups: ________________,
_________________,
Class
Order
Family
Genus
_______________,
__________________,
__________________,
______________,
species
and __________________.
Organisms are divided into ____
6 Kingdoms: ___________________,
Archaebacteria
_______________,
Eubacteria
Protista
Fungi
Plantae
Animalia
_________________,
_______________,
_______________,
and _________________.
a tool used to identify organisms by going through a series of
Dichotomous Key: ______________________________________________________
steps with 2 descriptions at each step
_____________________________________________________________________
***You must always start with the ____________
first
pair of descriptions!
Latin
Reasons for using Scientific Names (usually based on ________________
or
Greek
________________
words):
communication
errors
1. To avoid ______________________
__________________
due to
common names referring to different organisms.
descriptive __________________
information
2. To give ________________
about the organism.
organize
3. To _________________
and easily find ________________
information
about an organism.
Characteristics of Organisms in the 6 Kingdoms
prokaryotic
I. Archebacteria and Eubacteria – The members of these 2 kingdoms are ________________
membrane-covered
organelles
meaning that they have no __________________________
__________________.
smaller
Cells in these 2 kingdoms are __________________
than cells in the other 4
chromosome
kingdoms. They have a single, circular _____________________
and a __________
cell
wall
cocci
____________.
They come in 3 basic shapes: _______________
(spherical),
__________________
bacilli
(rod-shaped), and ____________________
spirilla
(spiral-shaped). Most
binary
fission
reproduce by _________________
_________________.
Some bacteria survive in
endospores
harsh conditions by becoming _____________________
when they grow a thick,
protective _____________________.
Endospores can survive ________________,
membrane
freezing
boiling
extremely
dry
______________________,
and ________________
_________
environments. Some
bacteria can move through liquids using ______________________.
flagella
II. Eubacteria – These are classified by the way they get _____________.
food
Many are
decomposers
parasites
_______________,
breaking down dead organisms. Others are __________________,
living
obtaining food from other _________________
organisms. Still others are
producers
cyanobacteria
________________________,
called ____________________,
which make their own
photosynthesis
food in the process of ______________________________,
which is
carbon dioxide
water
sunlight
glucose
oxygen
________________
+ _____________
+ ______________
 ___________
+ ________.
III. Archebacteria – These bacteria live in _________________
extreme
_____________________
environments
Yellowstone
National
Park
such as the hot springs in ____________________
_______________
_____________
Antarctica
cell
walls
and in the ice in ______________________.
Their ___________
___________
are
chemically different than those of _______________________,
or they may not have
Eubacteria
methane
makers
heat
them at all. The 3 kinds are ______________
_______________,
___________
_______________,
lovers
and _______________
salt
_________________.
lovers
IV. Uses for Bacteria
A. Since bacteria break down substances, they can change some of the food we eat.
milk
cheese
Yogurt is made by the bacterial breakdown of _____________,
as is ____________.
Sauerkraut is made from _______________
and a bacterial culture. Vinegar is made
cabbage
grape
juice
from the bacterial decomposition of ___________
______________.
medicines
B. Bacteria are also used to make _________________,
cleansers, and other products.
oil
spills
They are also used to clean up ________
_____________.
C. Nature uses bacteria to clean up ____________
dead
organisms. These bacteria are called
saprophytes
_______________________
because they decompose dead plants and animals and
recycle the nutrients so other organisms can use them. Without bacteria, there would
layers
be ______________
of dead organisms spread all over the Earth.
nitrogen
D. Nitrogen-fixing bacteria change the ______________
in the air into a usable form
for plants and animals.
E. Many bacteria are _________________,
pathogens
which means they cause disease.
anthrax
diptheria
Some diseases caused by bacteria are: _____________,
_________________,
tetanus
whooping
cough
Lymes
_________________,
______________
____________,
_____________
strep
throat
_______________,
and ________________
________________.
These diseases
disease
antibiotics
are treated with _______________________
which kill bacteria, some by preventing
cell
walls
the bacteria from making their _________
__________
(Ex: penicillin). Some
toxin
bacteria produce a ______________
which is poisonous (Ex: botulism, a form of
food
poisoning
____________
________________).
Harmful bacteria can be killed through
pasteurization
____________________,
which heats food up to a high temperature
milk
fruit
juices
(as in ____________
and ___________
____________).
Draw the 3 shapes of bacteria below and label them with their name and shape.
Cocci - spherical
Bacilli – rod-shaped
Spirilla – spiral shaped
Classification
Classifying: _______________________________________
_________________________________________________
Taxonomy: ________________________________________
_________________________________________________
Aristotle: _________________________________________
_________________________________________________
Carolus Linnaeus: __________________________________
_________________________________________________
Binomial Nomenclature: a 2-name system where organisms are
called by their __________ and ______________ names.
Ex: Felis catus is a ___________________.
Today’s classification system has 7 groups: ________________, _________________,
_______________, __________________, __________________, ______________,
and __________________.
Organisms are divided into ____ Kingdoms: ___________________, _______________,
_________________, _______________, _______________, and _________________.
Dichotomous Key: ______________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
***You must always start with the ____________ pair of descriptions!
Reasons for using Scientific Names (usually based on ________________ or
________________ words):
1. To avoid ______________________ __________________ due to
common names referring to different organisms.
2. To give ________________ __________________ about the organism.
3. To _________________ and easily find ________________ about an organism.
Characteristics of Organisms in the 6 Kingdoms
I. Archebacteria and Eubacteria – The members of these 2 kingdoms are ________________
meaning that they have no __________________________ __________________.
Cells in these 2 kingdoms are __________________ than cells in the other 4
kingdoms. They have a single, circular _____________________ and a __________
____________. They come in 3 basic shapes: _______________ (spherical),
__________________ (rod-shaped), and ____________________ (spiral-shaped). Most
reproduce by _________________ _________________. Some bacteria survive in
harsh conditions by becoming _____________________ when they grow a thick,
protective _____________________. Endospores can survive ________________,
______________________, and ________________ _________ environments. Some
bacteria can move through liquids using ______________________.
II. Eubacteria – These are classified by the way they get _____________. Many are
_______________, breaking down dead organisms. Others are __________________,
obtaining food from other _________________ organisms. Still others are
________________________, called ____________________, which make their own
food in the process of ______________________________, which is
________________ + _____________ + ______________  ___________ + ________.
III. Archebacteria – These bacteria live in _________________ _____________________
such as the hot springs in ____________________ _______________ _____________
and in the ice in ______________________. Their ___________ ___________ are
chemically different than those of _______________________, or they may not have
them at all. The 3 kinds are ______________ _______________, ___________
_______________, and _______________ _________________.
IV. Uses for Bacteria
A. Since bacteria break down substances, they can change some of the food we eat.
Yogurt is made by the bacterial breakdown of _____________, as is ____________.
Sauerkraut is made from _______________ and a bacterial culture. Vinegar is made
from the bacterial decomposition of ___________ ______________.
B. Bacteria are also used to make _________________, cleansers, and other products.
They are also used to clean up ________ _____________.
C. Nature uses bacteria to clean up ____________ organisms. These bacteria are called
_______________________ because they decompose dead plants and animals and
recycle the nutrients so other organisms can use them. Without bacteria, there would
be ______________ of dead organisms spread all over the Earth.
D. Nitrogen-fixing bacteria change the ______________ in the air into a usable form
for plants and animals.
E. Many bacteria are _________________, which means they cause disease.
Some diseases caused by bacteria are: _____________, _________________,
_________________, ______________ ____________, _____________
_______________, and ________________ ________________. These diseases
are treated with _______________________ which kill bacteria, some by preventing
the bacteria from making their _________ __________ (Ex: penicillin). Some
bacteria produce a ______________ which is poisonous (Ex: botulism, a form of
____________ ________________). Harmful bacteria can be killed through
____________________, which heats food up to a high temperature
(as in ____________ and ___________ ____________).
Draw the 3 shapes of bacteria below and label them with their name and shape.