Transcript The rod or bacillus

Cornel Style notes in your spiral
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Microbiology
 The
study of
microorganisms,
which are tiny
organisms that
live around us
and inside our
body.
Organism
 A living
thing that ingests and
breaks down food for energy and
nutrients, excretes undigested
food as waste, and is capable of
reproduction.
Microorganism
 A very,
very small organism that
you cannot see with your naked
eye, and can be seen using a
microscope.
Types of Microorganisms

Unfriendly Microorganisms


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
An infection is caused by the infiltration of a diseasecausing microorganism known as a pathogenic
microorganism.
Mycobacterium tuberculosis
Yersinia pestis
Friendly Microorganisms


NOT all microorganisms are pathogenic!
Many microorganisms help to maintain homeostasis
in our bodies and are used in the production of food
and other commercial products.
Example of ‘friendly’
microorganisms:


Flora – found in your intestines that assist in
the digestion of food.
E. coli – found in your intestine that also assist
in the digestion of food.
Shapes of Bacteria:
1.
The Coccus - The cocci are spherical or
oval bacteria having one of several
distinct arrangements based on their
planes of division.
a.
diplococcus: cocci arranged in pairs
1. Example: Streptococcus pneumoniae
b.
streptococcus: cocci arranged in chains
1. Example:
Streptococcus pyogenes
2. The rod or bacillus - Bacilli are rodshaped bacteria. Bacilli all divide in one
plane producing a bacillus,
streptobacillus, or coccobacillus
arrangement.
3. The spiral - Spirals come in one of three
forms, a vibrio, a spirillum, or a
spirochete.
How Small is a Microorganism?
Organism
Size
German Shepherd
1 Meter
Human gamete (egg)
from a female ovary
Human Red Blood Cell
1 Millimeter
100 Micrometer
A typical Bacterium cell
10 Micrometers
A virus
10 Nanometers
An Atom
0.1 Nanometers
Levels of Biological Organization
atoms  Molecules  Organelles
Cells  Tissues  Organs 
Organisms
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




What makes a good research
organism?
1.
2.
3.
4.
It must be able to reproduce quickly.
It must complete it’s life cycle in a
reasonable time frame.
It must be safe to the researcher and
others.
It must be susceptible to the treatments
that is being done to the organism.
Types of Cells used in
Biotechnology:
VERO Cells – African green monkey kidney
epithelial cells.
HeLa cells – Human epithelial cells
CHO – Chinese Hamster Ovary Cells
E.coli – Most research companies, biotechnology
labs, and pharmaceuticals uses E.coli.