Transcript CONSUMERS.

Green Book Chap 2:1-2:2
Energy Flow Through an
Ecosystem
Quiz GB 2:1-2:2
Total of 36 points
25 or more points = 
24 or less points = 
GB 2:1-2:2
(10) Organisms can be placed into three
energy roles in an ecosystem. They are:
Producers
Consumers
Decomposers
(1)PRODUCER:
An organism that makes its
own food.
Producers use most of the
energy they make for
themselves.
•(11) Energy first enters
most ecosystems as
SUNLIGHT
•Photosynthesis is how
producers makes its own
food.
(12) The Equation for Photosynthesis:
6CO2 + 6H2O + sunlight
(& chlorophyll) C6H12O6 + 6O2
• The chemical reaction by which green
plants use water and carbon dioxide and
light from the sun to make glucose.
• ENERGY is stored in glucose; glucose is
stored as starch.
The energy that is not used by
producers can be passed on to
organisms that cannot make
their own energy.
Organisms that cannot make their
own energy are called
CONSUMERS.
(2) Consumers are organisms
that obtains energy by feeding on
other organisms
Consumers that eat producers to
get energy:
• Are first-level or
primary consumers
• Are herbivores
(plant-eaters)
Most of the energy the first-level
consumer gets from the producer
is used by the consumer.
Some of the energy (about 90%)
moves into the atmosphere as
heat through life processes of the
consumers.
Some energy in the first-level
consumer is not lost to the
atmosphere or used by the
consumer itself.
This energy is available for
another consumer.
A consumer that eats another
consumer for energy:
• Is called a secondary or
second-level consumer
• May be a carnivore (meat
eater) or a herbivore
• May be a predator
• May be a scavenger
Most of the energy the secondlevel consumer gets from the
first-level consumer is used by
the second-level consumer.
Some of the energy is lost
as heat, but some energy
is stored and can passed
on to another consumer.
A consumer that eats a consumer
that already ate a consumer:
• Is called a third-level
consumer
• May be a carnivore
or a herbivore
• May be a predator
• May be a scavenger
Consumers that eat producers &
other consumers
• Are called omnivores
• Omnivores eat plants
and animals
Consumers that hunt & kill other
consumers are called predators.
They animals that are hunted &
killed are called prey.
Consumers that eat other
consumers that have already
died are called scavengers.
(4) Scavengers are carnivores
that feeds on the bodies of dead
organisms.
Decomposers:
- bacteria
- Fungi
If there were only producers
and consumers all of the dead
organisms would pile up all
over the planet. These dead
organisms, and living
organisms' waste, is removed
from the ecosystems by
Decomposers.
(mold & mushrooms)
(3) Decomposers are organisms that break down
wastes and dead organisms and return the raw
materials to the environment.
The transfer of energy from sun to producer to
first-level consumer to second-level consumer to
third-level consumer can be shown in a FOOD
CHAIN.
(5)A Food Chain is a series
of events in which one
organism eats another and
obtains energy.
Another way of showing the transfer of
energy in an ecosystem is the
ENERGY PYRAMID.
(14) The most energy is available at the
producer level. At each level in the
pyramid, there is less available energy
than at the level below.
Energy pyramids show
• That the amount of available energy
decreases down the food chain
• (13) 90% of energy is used for an
organism's life process or put into the
environment. That means only 10%
of the energy is stored.
• It takes a large number of producers to
support a small number of primary
consumers
• It takes a large number of primary
consumers to support a small number of
secondary consumers
Food Webs:
• (6) Consists of the
many overlapping
food chains in an
ecosystem.
• They show the
feeding relationships
in an ecosystem
Matter in an ecosystem is limited. If matter
could not be recycled, ecosystems would
quickly run out of the raw materials
necessary for life.
(15) Matter is made up of tiny particles called
atoms.
Some important matter that is
recycled within an ecosystem are:
- Water
- Carbon
- Nitrogen
(7) The Water Cycle is
the continuous process
by which water moves
from Earth's surface to
the atmosphere and
back.
(19) The three processes that occur during the
water cycle are:
Evaporation - Condensation - Precipitation
Draw The Water Cycle!
Check out the Water Cycle
@BrainPop
The Carbon and Oxygen Cycles:
Carbon is important because it is the building
block for the matter that makes up the bodies of
living things.
(16)Carbon is used by Producers, is in the air as
Carbon Dioxide, and is the Building Block of life
Check out the Carbon Cycle
@BrainPop
The Nitrogen Cycle
(17) Like carbon nitrogen is a necessary
building block in the matter that makes up
living things.
(8) Nitrogen Fixation is the process of
changing free nitrogen gas into a usable form of
nitrogen.
(18) Most nitrogen fixation is performed by by
certain kinds of bacteria.
(9) Nodules are bumps on the roots of certain
plants where these bacteria live.
Check out the Nitrogen Cycle
@BrainPop