Transcript Ecology Review Science Department

Ecology Review
Science Department
Ms. Martinez
rev. 04/11
Standard 6a
1. Define Ecology
Standard 6a

1. Define Ecology
how organisms interact with their
environment and each other
2. Define Biodiversity
2. Define Biodiversity

the different species in a given area
3. Explain how biodiversity
can affect the
stability/resilience of an
ecosystem
3. Explain how biodiversity can
affect the stability/resilience of
an ecosystem

A great diversity of species increases
the chance that at least some
organisms survive major changes in
the environment
Standard 6b
4. What are the three main
ways ecosystems can be
altered?
Standard 6b
4. What are the three main ways
ecosystems can be altered?
Major disasters
 Species introduced to a area
 Change in Climate

5. How is biodiversity
related to these alterations?
5. How is biodiversity related to
these alterations?
high biodiversity--organism survival is high
 low biodiversity--organism survival is low

5a. What is succession?
5a. What is succession?
a series of environmental
changes
5b. Look at the figure to
the right. Explain what
may have happened over
time change this habitat
from a pond to a
meadow.
5b. Look at the figure to
the right. Explain what
may have happened over
time change this habitat
from a pond to a
meadow.
succession
5c. The graph below illustrates
the fluctuation of a population of
animals.
Briefly explain what the graph
shows.
5c. The graph below illustrates
the fluctuation of a population of
animals.
Briefly explain what the graph
shows.
The carrying capacity
represents the largest number of
individuals that a given
environment can support.
Standard 6c
6. Define immigration
Standard 6c

6. Define immigration
the movement of individuals into an area
(causes a population to grow)
7. Define emigration
7. Define emigration

the movement of individuals out of an
area (causes a population to decrease)
8. How do the number of
deaths and emigrations
over time change a
population size?
8. How do the number of deaths
and emigrations over time
change a population size?

Population decreases
9. How do the number of
births and immigrations
over time change a
population size?
9. How do the number of births
and immigrations over time change
a population size?

Population increases
10. Describe how birth, death,
immigration and emigrations
rates affect a population’s net
growth ?
10. Describe how birth, death, immigration
and emigrations rates affect a population’s
net growth ?
Population INCREASES:
Birthrate
Deathrate
Immigration
Emigration
Population DECREASES:
Birthrate
Deathrate
Immigration
Emigration
Standard 6d
11. Define
Biogeochemical Cycle
Standard 6d
11. Define Biogeochemical Cycle

is how nutrients are passed from one organism
to another and from one part of the biosphere
to another.
12. Briefly describe the
main parts of the water
cycle
Condensation
12. Briefly describe the main parts
of the water cycle

Condensation-- Water changes from a gas
to a liquid
12. Briefly describe the
main parts of the water
cycle
Precipitation
12. Briefly describe the main parts
of the water cycle

Precipitation-- When the droplets get large
enough, they fall to Earth’s surface
12. Briefly describe the
main parts of the water
cycle
Transpiration
12. Briefly describe the main parts
of the water cycle

Transpiration--evaporation of water from
the leaves of plants.
12. Briefly describe the
main parts of the water
cycle
Evaporation
12. Briefly describe the main parts
of the water cycle

Evaporation--liquid water changes to a
gas.
12. Briefly describe the main parts
of the water cycle
Runoff
 Seepage

12. Briefly describe the main parts
of the water cycle
Runoff—water runs along the ground until
it returns to a body of water.
 Seepage—water goes into the soil

13. Briefly describe the
main parts of the carbon
cycle:
a. In what form is carbon found in
the atmosphere ?
13. Briefly describe the main parts
of the carbon cycle:
a.
In what form is carbon found in the
atmosphere ?
carbon dioxide
gas, CO2.
13. Briefly describe the
main parts of the carbon
cycle:
b. How does carbon get taken up
by living organisms?
13. Briefly describe the main parts
of the carbon cycle:
b. How does carbon get taken up by living
organisms?
Plants—from the air
Organisms—by eating
plants
13. Briefly describe the
main parts of the carbon
cycle:
c. What role does decomposition
play in the carbon cycle?
13. Briefly describe the main parts
of the carbon cycle:
c. What role does
decomposition play
in the carbon cycle?
Carbon is broken
down and returned
to the ground
13. Briefly describe the
main parts of the carbon
cycle:
d. List the three main ways carbon
is returned to the atmosphere?
13. Briefly describe the main parts
of the carbon cycle:
d. List the three main ways carbon is returned
to the atmosphere?
1. Respiration
2. Volcanic Activity
3. Human Activity
13. Briefly describe the
main parts of the carbon
cycle:
e. What happens when too much
carbon dioxide is released back
into the atmosphere?
13. Briefly describe the main parts
of the carbon cycle:
e. What happens when too much carbon
dioxide is released back into the
atmosphere?
Global Warming
14. Briefly describe the
main parts of the nitrogen
cycle:
A. Nitrogen fixation
14. Briefly describe the main parts
of the nitrogen cycle:

A. Nitrogen fixation
– How bacteria convert N2 from the atmosphere
to ammonia (NH3)
14. Briefly describe the
main parts of the nitrogen
cycle:
B. Why does nitrogen fixation
have to occur?
14. Briefly describe the main parts
of the nitrogen cycle:

B. Why does nitrogen fixation have to
occur?
– for the plants to use
14. Briefly describe the
main parts of the nitrogen
cycle:
C. How does nitrogen get into the
living portion of an ecosystem?
14. Briefly describe the main parts
of the nitrogen cycle:

C. How does nitrogen get into the living
portion of an ecosystem?
-Animals eat plants or plant-eating animals
14. Briefly describe the
main parts of the nitrogen
cycle:
D. How is nitrogen returned to the
non-living portion of the
ecosystem?
14. Briefly describe the main parts
of the nitrogen cycle:
D. How is nitrogen returned to the nonliving portion of the ecosystem?
 Denitrification: When organisms die,
decomposers return nitrogen to the soil.

Standard 6e
15. What is the original
source of most energy in an
ecosystem?
Standard 6e
15. What is the original source of
most energy in an ecosystem?

The Sun
16. Define Producer
16. Define Producer

Organisms that use the energy of the sun
to produce organic compounds
17. Define Autotroph
17. Define Autotroph

Another term for producer
18. Define Consumer:
18. Define Consumer:

get their energy from eating other
organisms
19. Define Heterotroph
19. Define Heterotroph

Another term for consumer
20. Define Decomposer
20. Define Decomposer

Organisms that break down living or dead
matter into smaller molecules
21. Define Herbivore
21. Define Herbivore

animals that only eat producers
22. Define Carnivore
22. Define Carnivore

meat eating organisms
23. Define Detritivore
23. Define Detritivore

Organisms that only break down waste
24. In the food chain below, label the
producers, primary, secondary and
tertiary consumers.
24. In the food chain below, label the
producers, primary, secondary and
tertiary consumers.
Standard 6f
25. What is the diagram
below called?
Standard 6f
25. What is the diagram below
called? Food Web
25. Draw a line under
the producers.
25. * Draw a line under the
producers.
25. * Circle all primary
consumers.
25. * Circle all primary consumers.

25. * Draw a square around
all secondary consumers.
25. * Draw a square around all
secondary consumers.
25. * Put a star next to
all tertiary consumers.
25. * Put a star next to all tertiary
consumers.
26. Explain what the energy pyramid
below shows. Be specific in explaining the
amount of energy passed on and lost at
each level of the pyramid
26. Explain what the energy pyramid below shows. Be
specific in explaining the amount of energy passed on and
lost at each level of the pyramid
It shows how the amount of useful energy that
enters each level
decreases
-As you step up, energy is lost. Only the stored
energy is passed on.

27. How much energy (kcal)
would be passed onto the Bass at
the top of this energy pyramid?
27. How much energy (kcal) would be
passed onto the Bass at the top of this
energy pyramid?
 10% of 100 = 10kCal