Transcript Pharmaceutical guidelines of patients with pathology of digestive

Pharmaceutical guidelines of
patients with pathology of
digestive organs. Symptomatic
treatment of gaseous bowel and
dysbacteriosis
Dysbiosis (dysbacteriosis)
 Intestinal dysbiosis (also referred to as
dysbacteriosis) is a condition of imbalance in the
intestines (an imbalance of the natural beneficial
organisms that inhabit the human intestinal
tract).
 A healthy digestive tract has over 1200 different
species of organisms contained within it. Most of
these organisms are harmless, and some are
essential for optimum health.
The Healthy Bacteria
 Soon after we are born, intestines are colonized
by many different species of bacteria. We’ve
always known that most of this bacteria is
harmless. But now science has proven that
much of it is extremely beneficial. And the list of
probiotics benefits continue to grow.
 This beneficial bacteria helps up to absorb
vitamins and minerals. It helps to regulate our
immune systems. But most important of all, it
physically takes up space so that dangerous
organisms can’t thrive. The most well known of
these healthy bugs is lactobacillus
acidophilus. A common ingredient in yogurt.
 But through certain causes (antibiotic use and
diet), this delicate balance can be disturbed, and
a state of intestinal dysbiosis can be induced.
 result the diseases of a stomach proceeding with
an achlorhydria (a chronic gastritis), an intestine
(a chronic enteritis), a pancreas, a liver, kidneys,
malignant neoplasms, a resection of a stomach
and a duodenum, disturbance of a peristalsis
(chronic colitis, ulcer disease, pancreatitis,
hepatocholecystitis and other).
 application of glucocorticoids
Thus, a dysbacteriosis - display or one of
complications of a basic disease, but not the
independent nosological form.
Bacteriological studies at intestinal
dysbacteriosis show pathogenic flora of
intestinal family, hemolyzed E.coli, quasipathogenic bacteria, enterococcus,
staphylococcus, Proteus microbes,
Candida fungi.
 At a dysbacteriosis opposing activity of a
microflora of an intestine concerning pathogenic
and putrefactive microorganisms is broken.
Products of abnormal splitting of alimentary
substances unusual to an intestine a microflora
(organic acids, aldehydes, a skatole, a hydrogen
sulfide, etc.), formed in lots, irritate a wall of an
intestine. Influence of microbial toxins on
structure and activity of membranous enzymes
causes disturbance of membranous digestion in
a small bowel, stimulation of secretion of water
by them and electrolytes enterocytes - to a
secretory diarrhea, premature deconjugation of
cholic acids in an intestine - to disturbance of an
absorption of Adepses, a steatorrhea.
 It is easy to guess that among doctors there is
no unity of opinion as to what exactly is this
dysbiosis. Will vote differently pediatrician,
immunologist, microbiologist, an allergist,
infectious diseases. Bacteriologist has stated
that dysbiosis - the notion of a purely
bacteriological. It is difficult to expect reliable
data about the significance of violent elimination
of the so-called dysbiosis health until this
concept will not be embedded at least one and /
or definite meaning. Russian
Gastroenterological Association avoids the use
of the term, in the International Classification of
Diseases, it is also not mentioned.
Symptoms of Dysbacteriosis
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There are many possible symptoms of
dysbacteriosis, and many of them are being
debated, but here are a few.
Diarrhea
Intestinal inflammation and flatulence
Weight Gain
Vaginal Yeast Infections
Constipation
Dandruff and Fungal Toenails
Fatigue and Tiredness
Depression and Anxiety
Frequent Sinus Infections
Diabetes and Autoimmune Disorders
Symptoms of Dysbacteriosis
Signs of a dyspepsia, depression of the
appetite, unpleasant taste in a mouth, a
nausea, a meteorism, diarrhea or
constipations are characteristic. Fecal
masses have a sharp putrefactive or acidic
smell. Attributes of the general intoxication
are often observed, the flaccidity is
observed, the working capacity decreases.
Dysbacteriosis Treatment
Support the healthy bacteria, and slow the
growth of the unfriendly
organisms, mainly candida.
There are many dangerous strains of
bacteria such as Cl. difficile , but candida
is the most common offender.
The treatment of dysbacteriosis must be complex, and
are included the following measures:
 -The correction of immune status;
-Deliverance from the already existing infections;
-The elimination of the excess bacterial sowing of the
small intestine;
-The restoration of normal microbial flora of thick gut;
-an improvement in the intestinal digestion and suction;
-the restoration of the disrupted motor activity of bowels;
-the stimulation of the reactivity of organism.
The correctly selected diet and enzyme preparations
contribute to the treatment of dysbacteriosis. With
dysbacteriosis the collection of products must
correspond in composition and quantity of food
substances, enzyme possibilities of the pathologically
changed small intestine.
 To adjust dysbiotic disorders application of wide-range
medications is recommended, yet complex treatment
proves to be the most efficient, that is
 proper diet,
 vitamin therapy,
 microbial preparations and enterosorbents.
 Various microbial biopreparations can be applied:
probiotics, which active component is live cultures of
lactic acid bacilli, bifid bacteria, acidophilous bacteria
and other beneficial microorganisms like E.coli,
bifidumbacterin, cоlіbacterinum, lactobacterinum,
bactisubtil, acipol, and biosporin. But all these are not
enough as endotoxins of pathogenic microbes affect the
immune homeostasis system, therefore enterosorbents
shall be included into the treatment scheme.
Probiotics
 Probiotics are live microorganisms thought to
be beneficial to the host organism. According to
the currently adopted definition by FAO/WHO,
probiotics are: "Live microorganisms which when
administered in adequate amounts confer a
health benefit on the host". Lactic acid bacteria
(LAB) and bifidobacteria are the most common
types of microbes used as probiotics; but certain
yeasts and bacilli may also be helpful. Probiotics
are commonly consumed as part of fermented
foods with specially added active live cultures;
such as in yogurt, soy yogurt, or as dietary
supplements.
Prebiotics
 Prebiotics are non-digestible food ingredients that
stimulate the growth and/or activity of bacteria in the
digestive system in ways claimed to be beneficial to
health. They were first identified and named by Marcel
Roberfroid in 1995. As a functional food component,
prebiotics, like probiotics, are conceptually intermediate
between foods and drugs. Depending on the jurisdiction,
they typically receive an intermediate level of regulatory
scrutiny, in particular of the health claims made
concerning them.
 Typically, prebiotics are carbohydrates (such as
oligosaccharides), but the definition may include noncarbohydrates. The most prevalent forms of prebiotics
are nutritionally classed as soluble fiber. To some extent,
many forms of dietary fiber exhibit some level of prebiotic
effect
Definition in the 2007 Journal of Nutrition
"A prebiotic is a selectively fermented
ingredient that allows specific changes,
both in the composition and/or activity in
the gastrointestinal microflora that confers
benefits upon host well-being and health."
Effects
 Studies have demonstrated positive effects on calcium
and other mineral absorption, immune system
effectiveness,bowel pH, reduction of colorectal cancer
risk, inflammatory bowel disorders (Crohn's Disease and
Ulcerative Colitis) Hypertension (high blood pressure)
and intestinal regularity. Recent human trials have
reinforced the role of Prebiotics in preventing and
possibly stopping early stage colon cancer. It has been
argued that many of these health effects emanate from
increased production of short-chain fatty acids (SCFA)
by the stimulated beneficial bacteria. Thus food
supplements specifically enhancing the growth of SCFA
producing intestinal bacteria (such as clostridia and
bacteroides species) are widely recognized to be
beneficial.
Synbiotics
 Synbiotics refer to nutritional supplements combining
probiotics and prebiotics in a form of synergism, hence
synbiotics.
 Probiotics are live bacteria which are intended to
colonize the large intestine and confer physiological
health benefits to the host. A prebiotic is a food or dietary
supplement product that confers a health benefit on the
host associated with modulating the microbiota.
Prebiotics are not drugs, not functioning because of
absorption of the component, not due to the component
acting directly on the host, and are due to changes to the
resident bacteria - either changing the proportions of the
resident bacteria or the activities thereof. Measurable
changes to the microbiota in the absence of a desirable
physiological consequence in the host does not quality
as a prebiotic. A prebiotic may be a fiber, but a fiber is
not necessarily a prebiotic.
 Using prebiotics and probiotics in combination is
often described as synbiotic, but the United
Nations Food & Agriculture Organization (FAO)
recommends that the term “synbiotic” be used
only if the net health benefit is synergistic. A
further restriction is to require that the prebiotic
be shown to increase the population and/or
function of the probiotic it is paired with.
 Examples
 bifidobacteria and fructo-oligosaccharides (FOS)
 Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG and inulins
 bifidobacteria or lactobacilli with FOS or inulins
or galactooligosaccharides (GOS)