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Skin Conditions
Functions of Skin
Protection:
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UV
Infection
Heat Regulation
Injury
Fluid/Electrolytes Loss
Due to tight packing of cells in upper epidermis
Also helps avoid absorption of excessive environmental
fluids (i.e. swimming)
Sensation
Endocrine:
– Helps produce Vitamin D
Blisters
Leave blister intact as long as possible
– Protection and infection
If removal is necessary, clean skin and
sharp object thoroughly
– Leave top layer of blister for protection, if
possible
Cover and pad with donut, if necessary
Keep clean and check for signs of
infection!
Ingrown Toenail
Painful condition
Nail grows into lateral nail fold
Caused by:
– Poorly fitting shoes
– Improper nail trimming
– Trauma
Treatment:
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Soak in warm water and epson salt or betadine
Place cotton under nail to lift nail
Cut ‘V’ in the middle of the nail
Surgery???
Prevention:
– Keep nail trimmed straight across (not too long, not too
short)
Contused Nail
Pressure and pain under nail
May need to “drill” to relieve pressure
– Needle, sharp knife, or small drill bit
– Make sure surface and device are cleaned
– Go slowly so you don’t hit the nail bed
Don’t allow athlete to rip
off nail, it may not grow back!
Impetigo
Bacterial skin infection caused by strep or staph
Can occur anywhere…most common around
nose/mouth
Contagious & spread through close contact or
sharing towels/clothing/etc
Treated w/ antibiotics (oral or topical) ~3-7days
Signs/Symptoms:
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Red sores
Ooze fluid
Yellow-brown crust
Can be itchy
Eczema
Inflammatory skin disease with red, itchy
skin
Folliculitis
Infection in the hair follicle
Most common on face/scalp & areas rubbed by
clothing, such as the thighs & groin
Usually caused by bacteria
Can occur from damage caused by shaving or
wearing clothes that rub the skin OR when
blocked or irritated (sweat, oil, makeup)
Self limiting w/ proper cleansing
Signs/Symptoms:
– “Red pimples” w/ a hair in the center
– May drain pus, blood or both
– May itch or burn
Tetanus Infection (Lock Jaw)
Caused by Clostridium bacteria
Bacteria live in soil, saliva, dust & enter body through
deep cut (i.e. stepping on nail)
Causes painful tightening of the muscles, usually all
over the body
– It can lead to "locking" of the jaw
– Impossible to open your mouth or swallow
Potentially life-threatening…requires immediate tx in
hospital
Regular vaccines can prevent tetanus
– Children get shot as a part of their routine immunizations
– Adults should get booster every 10 years and/or after a
bad cut/burn
Ringworm
Tinea Corpus
Fungal infection of skin
Characterized by round patches w/ scaly raised
boarder & central healing zone
Refer for correct Dx & appropriate Tx:
– OTC: Lamisil, Lotrimin, Tinactin
CANNOT participate in wrestling unless cleared &
under treatment for 72hrs
DO NOT just cover
Keep mats and body clean
Athletes Foot
Tinea Pedis
Fungal infection of the foot
Sx’s:
– Red scaly rash
– Peeling or cracking skin
– Burning
– Itching
Keep feet dry/clean!
Tx:
– OTC: Lamisil, Lotrimin, Tinactin
Jock Itch
Tinea Cruris
Sx’s:
– Burning/Itching
– Red, scaly patches of skin
Keep area dry/clean
Tx:
– OTC: Lamisil,
Lotrimin, Tinactin
Herpes Simplex (Cold Sores/Fever Blisters)
Type 1: Oral Herpes - causes sores around
mouth/lips
– Transmitted via oral secretions or sores on skin
Kissing or sharing toothbrushes/eating utensils
– Causes painful blisters
– No cure - Remains in body & lies inactive in
nerve cells until triggered by:
Sun exposure, fever, fatigue, stress
– Drugs can lessen severity
Type 2: Genital Herpes
– Sexually transmitted
Warts
Caused by HPV
General Tx:
– Salicylic Acid, Duck Tape, Liquid Nitrogen
Common Wart:
– Small, round elevated lesion
– Rough, dry surface
– Usually go away on their own within 18-24mo
Plantar Wart:
– Found on bottom of foot
– Painful
– Wear sandals in
locker rooms/community showers
Cold Sensitivity/Reaction
Cold Urticaria - Allergic Reaction w/ Hives
– Can be life-threatening
– Redness, hives & itching
– Can affect some areas and not others
Can be hypersensitive without allergy
– Redness & pain
Poison Oak/Ivy/Sumac
Causes:
– Direct contact with plant
– Inhalation or skin exposure to airborne oil particles of
burning plant
– Contact with contaminated materials
Sx’s: Within 12-48 hrs
– Burning, itching, redness, rash, swelling blisters, high
fever
Avoid scratching, ice, cold water?
Cannot play with signs of serious infection
May need to be cleared by physician for
wrestling
Poison Ivy
Poison Oak/Sumac
Methicillin-resistant
Staphylococcus aureas
What is MRSA
Staph Infection
Bacteria that is resistant to certain antibiotics
– Methicillin, Penicillin, & Amoxicillin
Became increasingly common in hospital
setting in 1970’s
MRSA-CA (Community Acquired): emerged in
1990’s
May cause more serious infections:
– Blood
– Pneumonia
How bad is CA-MRSA?
Most are minor infections and can be treated
with an antibiotic cream
Some may require treatment w/ oral antibiotics
A small percentage can be LIFE
THREATENING
All MRSA infections should be evaluated by a
healthcare provider
– If the condition worsens you need to seek
immediate treatment
Who Gets MRSA
Heathcare workers: 1:3
College & HS athletes
Inmates
Military recruits
Daycare kids
People in crowded conditions
CA-MRSA Breakdown
Skin infections
Wound (traumatic)
Urinary tract infection
Sinusitis
Bacteremia
Pneumonia
-Mostly skin infections
1,266
157
64
61
43
31
(77%)
(10%)
(4%)
(4%)
(3%)
(2%)
MRSA Infections Statistics
In 2007:
– 86% Healthcare Associated
– 14% Community Associated
In 2005: 94,350 serious infections
– ~18,650 people died
– Mostly older
persons (>65 y/o)
Community
Healthcare
How is MRSA Spread
Bacteria is commonly carried on the skin
or in the nose of healthy individuals
– 25% to 30% of the population are “colonized”
Skin to skin contact
Crowed living conditions
Skin openings (cuts/abrasions)
Infected items (sports gear and clothing)
Contaminated surfaces (weight room
equipment)
Poor hygiene
What does MRSA look like?
Skin can be:
– Red or swollen
– Painful
– Pus or other drainage
MRSA
MRSA can live for months on
surfaces and fabrics:
– Up to 7 months on dust
– Up to 8 weeks on a mop head
– Up to 9 weeks on cotton (towel)
– Up to 203 days (over 6 months) on a
blanket
– MRSA can live on the skin of otherwise
healthy individuals, with no symptoms
indefinitely
How do I prevent MRSA?
Wash your hands
Don’t share gear/clothing
Clean sports gear often
Tell ATC about skin wounds
Keep cuts clean and covered
Don’t touch someone else’s
wounds/bandages
Use a moisturizer to prevent cracking if the
skin is dry
Athlete’s With MRSA
Wound should be completely covered
– Cannot participate if the wound drainage cannot
be contained
Do not share equipment/clothing/towels
Clean off equipment after use
If athlete is unable to maintain good personal
hygiene, they should be removed from
participation until the infection clears