Disease Transmission
Download
Report
Transcript Disease Transmission
Classifications of Diseases
Bacterial –
Staphylococcus
MRSA
Streptococcus
Viral –
Herpes Simplex
Warts
Fungus –
Athlete’s Foot (Tinea Pedis)
Ringworm
Staphylococcus/Streptococcus
Definition of Staphylococcus:
Genus of gram-positive bacteria normally present on the skin and
in the upper respiratory tract and prevalent in localized infections.
Definition of Streptococcus:
Genus of gram-positive bacteria found in the throat, respiratory
tract, and intestinal tract.
As a group, these types of bacteria that can cause a
multitude of infections.
Staph and strep bacteria can cause:
Folliculitis
Boils
Cellulitis
Impetigo
What to look for.
Signs and Symptoms
Redness
Swelling
Pus
Streaks
Warmth
Pustules
Muscle Pain
Fever (Seek immediate medical attention for any skin
reaction that is coupled with a fever.)
Types
Folliculitis – infection of hair follicle
Types
Boils – infection of hair follicle that usually results in
pustule formation that becomes enlarged, reddened, and
hard from internal pressure.
Types
Cellulites – a spreading bacterial infection of the skin
and tissues beneath the skin.
Types
Impetigo - begins as tiny blisters that eventually burst to reveal small
wet patches of red skin that may weep fluid.
May form a honey-colored crust.
Extremely contagious skin infection!!!
Bacterial Infections
Treatment
Consult Physician
Antibiotics (oral / topical)
Don’t squeeze
Squeezing forces infection into adjacent tissues
Will spread infection
Warm Compress
Keep area clean
Cover area when in contact with others
MRSA
(Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus Aureus)
MRSA is a strain of the common Staphylococcus Aureus
bacteria that has mutated and become unable to be killed
by commonly used antibiotics.
Previously it was found almost exclusively in hospitals, but now is a
rapidly growing problem in athletics.
It is estimated that Staphylococcus aureus bacteria are carried by
30-50% of the population.
It is very easily passed from one person to another.
This is especially troublesome in contact sports and school
playgrounds.
MRSA
MRSA will present as any other bacterial skin
infection.
Only physician testing can diagnose MRSA from other
staph infections.
Because penicillin type antibiotics cannot treat MRSA,
it must be treated properly and promptly or it can
become life threatening!!!
PREVENTION IS THE KEY!
Herpes simplex
Strain of virus that is associated with skin and mucous
membrane infection.
Easily transmitted directly through a lesion in the skin
Type 1 – affects body (ex. Cold sore)
Type 2 – affects genitals
Herpes Zoster – Chicken Pox
Highly contagious
Herpes virus can not be cured
Once infected the virus remains dormant in body between
outbreaks.
Virus can be transmitted in dormant stage
Treatment – Antiviral drugs (OTC or Rx)
Common Wart (Verruca vulgaris)
Common on hands or
fingers
Warts appear small,
round, and elevated with
rough dry surfaces
Not highly contagious
Treatment –
OTC meds or by a
physician
Plantar Warts
Commonly found on the
sole of the foot
Generally uncomfortable
and point tender
Appear like cluster of small
black seeds
Treatment –
See a physician
Pad the area around the wart
to allow for comfort during
activity
Athlete’s Foot
Common form of superficial
fungal infection
Characterized by itchy, dry,
scaling infection of the sole of
the foot
Treatment –
Topical antifungal meds
Maintain good foot hygiene
Tinea Cruris
Located in the groin area
Commonly called “Jock Itch”
Itchy red-brown scaling plaque on the skin in a outline
of a butterfly shape around the groin
Treatment –
OTC or Rx ointments or topical creams
Avoid using hydrocortisone
Keep area clean and dry
Wear loose fitting clothing when infection is present
Tinea Unguim/Onychomycosis
Fungal infection of the toe
or finger nail
Common with water sports
or chronic athlete’s foot
Nail becomes thickened,
brittle, and separated from
its bed
Treatment –
See physician for antifungal
cream or removal of nail
Ringworm
Highly contagious
especially during close
contact
Presents an itchy, redbrown, scaling, annular
(“ring-shaped”) infection
Treatment –
Topical antifungal cream
Who is at risk?
Anyone who is in physical contact with other
people on a regular basis
Athletic facilities provide the ideal environment for
bacteria to thrive, as they are warm and humid.
Athletes also become more susceptible as their immune
system temporarily lowers after a hard workout.
Prevention
Personal hygiene is key in the prevention
Thoroughly wash any open wound with soap and water,
no matter how minor it appears.
Wash hands frequently -- especially before touching any
wound.
Shower/change clothing after practice/games.
Keep open wounds covered.
Prevention
Avoid sharing towels, razors, combs, soap, and items
that touch skin.
Avoid sharing equipment.
Regularly wash/clean uniforms AND equipment
Have antibacterial cleaners available on
sidelines/dugouts/etc.
Proper Hand Washing
Wet your hands with clean running water and apply
soap.
Use warm water if it is available.
Rub hands together to make a lather and scrub all
surfaces.
Continue rubbing hands for 20 seconds. Need a timer?
Imagine singing "Happy Birthday" twice through to a
friend!
Rinse hands well under running water
Dry your hands using a paper towel or air dryer.
Hand washing alternatives
Soap and Water is always preferred.
Alcohol-based hand sanitizer –
Apply product to the palm of one hand and rub together
until hands and fingers are dry.
For Additional Information…
Belmont University MRSA prevention Policy
Contact Belmont University Athletic Training Room
615-460-5585
References
Prentice, W E. Arnheim’s principles of Athletic
Training: A Competency-Based Approach. 12th edition.
McGraw-Hill Inc. New York, NY. 2006
Pictures
Folliculitis
www.revolutionhealth.com
www.visualdxhealth.com
Boils
MedicineNet, Inc.
health-speak.blogspot.com
Cellulites
www.medhelp.org
commons.wikimedia.org
Impetigo
www.impetigodoctor.com
www.visualdxhealth.com
Warts
MedicineNet, Inc.
www.nlm.nih.gov
Athlete’s Foot
markhamfootclinic.com
Nail
www.answers.com
www.nlm.nih.gov
Ringworm
www.askdrsears.com
www.nlm.nih.gov