Transcript Monera: Eubacteria

Monera: Eubacteria
Allie Penrose, Julia Hartling & Connor O’Hara
Eubacteria and Us
• Bacteria are all around us in life. Whether helping
us survive like antibiotics, or bringing on harm
such as E. coli or salmonella.
• Bacteria are the oldest living things on earth.
Anatomy
Physiology /Anatomy
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They have a single strand of DNA.
Eubacteria Lack a nuclear membrane.
Eubacteria have phili which help transfer DNA.
The cytoplasm is filled with ribosomes.
Eubacteria lack a nuclei or nucleus .
Some Eubacteria have a flagella. A tail like structure to
help them move.
• Eubacteria have a plasma membrane to hold the
insides of the cell in place.
• They are enclosed by a cell wall that provides as a rigid
wall to keep the cells shape.
Locomotion
• Spiraled eubacteria move in a rolling motion by
fibrils inside the cells.
• Round eubacteria that live underwater can move by
release gas.
• The most common type of locomotion is by a
flagella. Flagella are protein filaments powered by a
molecular motor. They spin rapidly and allow the
cell to move the cell through the environment. The
flagella acts as a propeller.
Obtaining food
• Most bacteria are heterotrophs. This means they
obtain their nutrients from other organisms such as
humans or plants. Although some bacteria are
autotrophs making the food they need through
photosynthesis. Which is the process by which
bacteria convert carbon dioxide, water and sunlight
into carbohydrates.
Diet
• Eubacteria are heterotrophic, autotrophic, and
chemotrophic. Heterotrophs absorb organic materials
from both living and dead organisms. Autrophs can
make their own food by photosynthesis. Chemotrophs
get their food by breaking down inorganic matter.
Digestion
•Digested foods are absorbed by diffusion or active
transport
•The bacteria feed on the organic waste taking the
nutrition for growth and reproduction. The organic
waste is metabolized down to water and carbon
dioxide providing the bacteria with energy to sustain
life.
Excretion
• Eubacteria excrete their waste by diffusion. The
waste particles are released through the thin cell
membrane. The waste is either in the form of liquid
or gas such as carbon dioxide.
Circulation
• Eubacteria have no blood or blood vessels.
• Single celled organisms have no need for a
circulatory system because oxygen can diffuse
directly into the cell due to its thin outer membrane.
Respiration
• Eubacteria can respire both aerobically (using air)
and anaerobically (without air).
• Aerobically: The bacteria use the oxygen to help
them burn energy for their functions.
• Anaerobically: In this type of respiration Eubacteria
use naturally-occurring chemicals to create a
chemical reaction and release the energy they
need.
Life Cycle
• Eubacteria reproduce by binary fission. The single strand
of DNA is replicated. This allows the genetic information
to be transferred to the new cell. Next, the plasma
membrane pinches inside and produces two cells that are
equal.
• Eubacteria also reproduce sexually by conjugation. In this
reproduction process two conjugal bacteria make cell to
cell contact. The DNA can then be transferred. The
receiving cells DNA is slightly different allowing it to have
different characteristics than other bacteria. This is rare
but may occur in bacteria such as E. Coli or Salmonella.
Ecology
• Eubacteria can grow in a variety of habitats. Some
Eubacteria cells can live with or without oxygen.
Eubacteria are found in almost every environment in
the world.
Reproduction
Binary Fission:
Conjugation:
Phylum Cyanophyta
• Cyanophyta have membranes that contain
chlorophyll and other chemicals required to carry
out photosynthesis. Cyanobacteria are aquatic
eubacteria. They have a thick cell wall and no
flagella. They are also known as blue-green algae.
They are also considered the ancestors of present
day chloroplasts.
Cyanobacteria
• Cyanobacteria are made up of cells, which can hold
poisons called cyanobacterial toxins. These are
naturally produced poisons stored in the cells of
certain cyanobacteria. The toxins have different
effects. Some attack the liver. Others attack the
nervous system and some may irritate the skin.
Cyanobacteria
E. Coli
• E. Coli stands for Escherichia Coli. This is a very
well known eubacteria. These Eubacteria live in
the digestive tracts of most humans and many
animals. Because of this they are beneficial to
human life. But not all E. Coli is good. It is also
found in raw meats. Here E. Coli can cause
infections and disease. Once infected, people
do not necessarily die. Some people develop
mild diarrhea. In the most severe cases death
can occur.
Shapes of Bacteria
• Eubacteria can be classified according to
appearance since most bacteria are one of
three shapes: spherical(coccus), rodshaped(Bacillus) or spiral(spirillum).
Similarities between Eubacteria
and Archaebacteria
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The cells are prokaryotic
All bacteria are single celled
Neither have membrane-bound organelles
Both types have a single chromosome
Both reproduce asexually through binary
fission
Differences between Eubacteria
and Archaebacteria
• Archaebacteria do not play a critical role in ecology
while Eubacteria are very important for nutrient
recycling.
• They have different behaviour towards toxins and
antibiotics.
• Archaebacteria live in very harsh environments
where most living things could not survive.
• Archaebacteria have membrane lipids.
• Eubacteria can reproduce sexually.
Bibliography
http://www.sparknotes.com/biology/microorganisms/monera/problems.html
http://www.life123.com/question/How-Does-Eubacteria-Obtain-Food
http://www.angelfire.com/ks3/lditton/eubacteria.html
http://www.best-chem.co.uk/drain_bioenzyme.html
http://biology.esmartstudent.com/eubacteria.html