Transcript Biogeochemical cycles (carbon only)

Biogeochemical Cycles
24/103 required by organisms
Macronutrients: C,H,N,O,P,S
Micronutrients
BIOGEOCHEMICAL CYCLES
The complete pathway that a chemical
element takes through the biosphere,
hydrosphere, atmosphere and lithosphere.
Elements transferred between
compartments (pools)
Active: accessible to
living things
Storage: inaccessible
CARBON CYCLE
atmosphere
respiration
photosynthesis
biosphere
CARBON CYCLE
CARBON CYCLE
combustion
photosynthesis
respiration
atmosphere
biosphere
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Carbon Cycle Simulation
Enter the carbon cycle…….
You are a carbon atom.
You are now in a
molecule of CO2 in
the atmosphere.
Flip 2 coins:
Your carbon atom returns or remains
in the atmosphere .
Flip 2 coins:
Your carbon atom is
absorbed
into a plant leaf.
Flip 2 coins:
SUNLIGHT!
PHOTOSYNTHESIS!
Your carbon atom is
incorporated into a sugar
molecule by photosynthesis.
C6H12O6
Your carbon atom
is now in a
molecule of sugar
in a plant.
Flip 2 coins:
C6H12O6
Your carbon atom
is now in a protein molecule
In the plant tissue.
Flip 2 coins:
Your carbon atom in the
plant tissue is eaten by a
Primary Consumer (an
herbivore).
Flip 2 coins:
Your carbon atom is now in a
molecule of dead organic
matter (detritus)
Flip 2 coins:
Your carbon atom is now being
burned (oxidized) in a fire. Your
atom is being released to the
atmosphere in a molecule of
carbon dioxide.
The plant tissue with your
carbon atom is now being
ingested by a human.
Flip 2 coins:
The molecule containing your
carbon atom is now being
ingested by a primary detritus
feeder (decomposer).
Flip 2 coins:
Your carbon atom is now in a
molecule making up a tissue
of your or another human’s
body.
Flip 1 coins:
Your carbon atom is now in a
molecule making up tissue of
a carnivore.
Flip 2 coins:
The molecule containing your carbon
atom is now being broken down in
cell respiration to provide energy
for the consumer. Your carbon
atom is released as carbon
dioxide.
The molecule containing your
carbon atom is being
ingested by a secondary
consumer.
Flip 2 coins:
The molecule with your carbon
atom is now being absorbed
by a bacteria.
Flip 1 coin:
Your carbon atom is now being
absorbed by a fungus.
Flip 2 coins:
Your carbon atom is now being
ingested by an insect.
Flip 2 coins:
NO SUNLIGHT!
NO PHOTOSYNTHESIS!
The carbon atom returns to the
atmosphere.
The sugar molecule is oxidized
in cell respiration to provide
energy for plant growth. Your
carbon atom is released back
to the atmosphere as carbon
dioxide.
The plant tissue is eaten by an
animal.
What kind of animal?
Flip 2 coins:
The plant dies.
The molecule containing your
carbon is metabolized and
into a molecule making up
the tissue of the consumer’s
body.
Flip 2 coins:
The molecule is not digested. It
passes through the intestinal
tract as waste.
Flip 2 coins:
The human dies and body is
cremated.
The animal dies.
Flip 2 coins:
The animal is eaten by a third
order consumer.
Flip 2 coins:
Flip 2 coins:
Nitrogen Cycle
78% of atmosphere is N2
not in a form usable by most organisms
Nitrogen fixation: conversion of nitrogen to
usable form
gain
biosphere
denitrification
atmosphere
fixation
loss
Nitrogen Cycle
Nitrogen fixation
1. Biological
a) by soil bacteria
b) by blue-green algae
c) by legumes
2. Industrial
a) by manufacture of N fertilizer
b) combustion of fossil fuels
Biological fixation
a & b) Free-living N-fixing bacteria and algae
-autotrophic
-fix nitrogen
c) Bacteria that are symbiotic
with legumes; infect
root nodules
Industrial fixation
a) Haber Process: manufacture of N
fertilizer
b) Combustion of fossil fuels; forest fires
Denitrification
Denitrifying bacteria convert usable N back
to N2 in atmosphere.
Outgassing
Release of N to atmosphere during volcanic
eruptions.
Nitrogen fixation exceeds denitrification :
•
N fertilizer
•
Combustion of fossil fuels
•
Cultivation of legumes
-excess nitrogen in biosphere
gain
biosphere
denitrification
atmosphere
fixation
loss
Nitrogen Cycle