Transcript KINGDOM PROTISTA

KINGDOM PROTISTA
Plant-like- Algae
Animal-like- Protozoa
Fungi-like- Slime Molds
PHYLUM CHOROPHYTA
(GREEN ALGAE)
GREEN ALGAE
• CHLAMYDOMONAS
• SPIROGYRA
• Movement- two flagella
(swimming type motion)
• Pyrenoid- synthesizes starch
• Red eyespot
• Chloroplasts
• Sexual and asexual
reproduction
• Cell wall
• End-to-end chains of cells or
filaments
• Attach to rocks and other
objects
• Ponds and streams
• Ribbonlike appearance
• Sexual reproductionconjugation
• Chloroplasts
CONTINUED GREEN ALGAE
• ULVA (sea lettuce)
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Chlorophyll a and b
Stores reserve food as starch
Thallus- body of two cells thick
Alternation of generation- next generation identical copies
VOLVOX
• Well-known colonial green algae
• Hollow sphere with thousands of cells with
watery interior
• Cells cooperate with flagella beating in a
coordinative fashion
• Asexual reproduction
• Daughter colony resides within the parent
colony for a time
PHYLUM RHODOPHYTA
(RED ALGAE)
RED ALGAE
• GRACILARIA AND GELIDIUM
• Ocean habitat
• Simple filaments to complex branches with feathery, flat
ribbon-like appearance
• Commercially- agar, vitamins, drugs, dental impressions,
cosmetics
• Red in color
• Agar for growing bacteria cultures
• Gelatin for jams and jellies
PHYLUM PHAEOPHYTA
(BROWN ALGAE)
BROWN ALGAE
• LAMINARIA (KELP)
• Largest sea weed in ocean
• Holdfasts- holds kelp to ocean
floor
• Bladder- allows blades to float
to ocean surface
• Chlorophylls a and c
• Commercially- human food,
fertilizers, ice cream, sherbet,
cream cheese
• Other types:
• Macrocystis
• Fucus
PHYLUM CHRYSOPHYTA
• DIATOMS
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Some golden-brown algae and
some yellow-green algae
Freshwater and marine
environments
Resemble hat box (two part shelltop and a bottom)
Asexual and sexual reproduction
Cell wall of silica (commonly used
to make glass)
Diatomaceous earth- remains of
diatoms on the ocean floor
Commercially- filters, polishes,
toothpaste, soundproof materials
PHYLUM PYRROPHYTA
(DINOFLAGELLATES)
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Chlorophylls a and c
Yellow-green and some brown
Locomotion- Two flagella
Bioluminescence (produces light)
Food for small animals in ocean
Some lack chloroplasts and are
heterotrophic
Overpopulation can cause “Red
Tide” (gives the appearance of the
water appearing red) which can
cause massive fish kills
Humans who consume shellfish
that have fed during Red Tide can
get ill from toxic poisons
PHYLUM EUGLENOPHYTA
(EUGLENA)
• Some autotrophs and
some heterotrophs (no
chloroplasts)
• Locomotion- flagella
• Eyespot to sense light
• Ponds and ditches
• Some photosynthetic
• Contractile vacuoles
• Nucleus
PHYLUM ZOOMASTIGOPHORA
(ZOOFLAGELLATES)
• Heterotrophic protozoans
• Some parasiticTrypanosoma transmit
African Sleeping
Sickness as the tsetse fly
becomes the carrier
• Disease causes infection
of WBCs and inadequate
supply of oxygen to the
brain
PHYLUM CILIOPHORA
(CILIATES)
PARAMECIUM
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Phylum Ciliophora
Locomotion- cilia
Free living/ no diseases
Found in ditches and ponds
Trichocysts- oval capsule
under the pellicle
Food and contractile vacuoles
Oral groove and gullet
Binary fission/conjugation
Macro- and micronuclei
STENTOR
• PHYLUM CILIOPHORA
• Vase-shaped
• Expands to consume
paramecium
• Cilia lines the top
PHYLUM RHIZODOPA
(AMOEBA)
• Locomotion- pseudopod
• Phagocytosis
• Most common- amoeba
proteus
• Food and contractile vacuole
• Nucleus
• Cytoplasm in plasma
membrane
• Entamoeba histolytica- lives in
human intestines and causes
amoebic dysentery (can be
fatal)
PHYLUM ACTINOPODA
(FORAMINIFERAS)
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Made of calcium carbonate
Multi-chambered
Locomotion-Pseudopod
Dead foraminiferas collect on
the bottom of the ocean floor
and are indicators of oil
deposits
• Millions of years ago they
collected and formed the White
Cliffs of Dover in England
• Some found in pyramids the
size of silver dollars
• Some also found in Mississippi
PHYLUM APICOMPLEXA
(SPOROZOANS)
PLASMODIUM
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Immovable except by host
Causes malaria
Life cycle alternates sexual and asexual phases
Anopheles mosquitoes are the carriers
Release toxic substances into the blood that
invade the red blood cells
• Replicate in red blood cells and burst open
• Symptoms: fever, chills
Pneumocystic carinii
• Type of pneumonia seen in AIDS patients
• Cysts form in lining of air sacs
• Cysts containing spores divide until bursts
open and spores released
SLIME MOLDS
• PHYLUM
MYXOMYCOTA
• PHYLUM
ACRASIOMYCOTA
• Sporangium- reproductive
structure that produces spores
• Feed on phagocytic decaying
plants in forest areas or
agricultural fields
• Spores can survive dry areas
until moisture is sufficient for
them to germinate
• Reproduces with spores
• Common in soil where they
feed on bacteria and yeasts
• Pseudoplasmodium
• Reproduces with spores