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Antimicrobial Resistance
and You
Donna Riddle, BSMT (ASCP)
Epidemiologist
Executive Director, Nevadans for
Antibiotic Awareness
Clark County Health District
(702) 383-1378
• The Genesis of Resistance
• Nevadans for Antibiotic Awareness
(NAA)
• Action Items for You
– At Work
– At Home
– In Your Community
The Gram Stain
• Gram Positive
• Gram Negative
1928: A Mold Changes
Medicine
• Dr. Fleming’s discovery
• Penicillin inhibits bacterial enzymes
necessary for cell wall production
• Mass production proves difficult
1944
• Military takes
penicillin to
the battlefield
1945
• Scientists
Isolate
Resistance
The Next 50 Years
• 1950’s By prescription only
• 1960 Methicillin introduced
• 1961 Methicillin resistance
• 2001 62 % of S. aureus resistant
• 2000 Linezolid introduced
• 2001 Linezolid resistance
How is Sensitivity or
Resistance Determined?
Disc
diffusion:
Zones of no
growth
around
antibiotic
Factors of Resistance
• Prevalence
of
resistance
genes
• Extent of
Antibiotic
use
Staphylococcus aureus
• If S. aureus is resistant to methicillin,
it is commonly resistant to
cephalosporins and imipenem
• Antibiotic of choice: vancomycin
• VISA also known as GISA
Antibiotic Resistant
Infections Cause:
• Prolonged hospital stays
• Fewer therapeutic options
• Greater costs
Nevadans for Antibiotic
Awareness (NAA)
• NAA is a statewide task force of over
30 state and local public and private
agencies and companies committed to
reducing the spread of antibiotic
resistance.
NAA Subcommittees
•
•
•
•
Infection Control
Public Awareness
Provider Education
Surveillance
Forming a new subcommittee:
Veterinary and Agriculture
Abbott Laboratories, Inc.
Albertsons
Bristol-Myers Squibb
Carson-Tahoe Hospital
Clark County Health District
CR BARD Medical, Inc.
GlaxoSmithKline
Pharmaceuticals
Health Plan of Nevada, Inc.
Insurcorp
Integrated Healthcare Services
Magnus Translations
Nevada State Board of
Pharmacy
Nevada State Health Division
Orgill/Singer Insurance &
Investments
PacifiCare, Inc.
Pfizer Inc.
Pharmacia
RITE AID Corporation
Roche Laboratories
Saint Mary’s Health Network
Sav-on
Sierra Community Healthcare
Foundation
Sierra Health Services, Inc.
Southwest Medical Associates,
Inc.
Sunrise Hospital & Medical
Center
The Valley Health System and
Owen Healthcare
Virgen Advertising
Walgreens
Washoe Health System
Wyeth-Ayerst
NAA Accomplishments
• Distributed healthcare guidelines
• Begun provider education
• Distributed materials to childcare
centers
• Developed a statewide public
education campaign
Efforts/ contributions by members are
voluntary.
Action Items for Work
• Provide home
care sheet to
patients with
antibiotic
resistant bacteria
• Always note
antibiotic
resistance on
transfer forms
Action Items for Home
• Complete full
course of
antibiotics
• Don’t demand
antibiotics for
viral infections
• Wash your hands
Action Items for the
Community
• Educate family and
friends
• Support H.R. 1771:
Antibiotic
Resistance
Prevention Act
• Buy antibiotic-free
meat
The Genesis of
Resistance
Nevadans for Antibiotic
Awareness (NAA)
Action Items for You
-At Work
-At Home
-In Your Community
Questions?