Transcript food-needs-through-the-life

FOOD NEEDS THROUGH
THE LIFE CYCLE
Infants and Young Children
The Family Life Cycle
There are different ages and needs
throughout the life cycle.
Infants and Young Children
Poor nutrition in children can have a
life long effect.
Undernourished children must deal with
the obvious physical symptoms but
they also have low resistance to
infection, slower ability for learning and
are more susceptible to chronic
diseases as adults.
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Overweight and obesity in children is
epidemic in North America. This
produces similar problems as those
seen in the adult society – elevated
blood pressure, type 2 diabetes, and
the propensity for obesity in adulthood.
Prenatal Nutrition is Important
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Mothers should be
healthy before
pregnancy.
Make sure they get
sufficient iron,
calcium and folic
acid.
Avoid alcohol,
tobacco, caffeine,
and drugs.
Feeding Newborns
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II. Newborn Nutrition
No!
No!
Yeah!
A. No honey for infants. Infant botulism
B. No cow’s milk during 1st year. (allergies)
C. No restriction on fats before age 2
D. Introduce solid foods one at a time around
4-6 months
Feeding the Toddler and
Young Child
Toddlers – need nutrients from each
of the food groups…but in smaller
amounts than adults.
Limit sweets
Taste buds are sensitive
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Sweet
Salty
Bitter
Sour
Ideas to help toddlers
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Small, frequent amounts
Nutritious snacks
1 T. of a food per year of age.
Finger foods
Use small dishes
Let them help fix it
Make meal time pleasant
Prefer raw foods (vegetables especially)
Like foods separate
Fun and Creative - bright colors
Need to be exposed to a food 10 times
They pattern likes after you
They like grown up food
Some ideas from Dian Thomas
Adolescents
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The teen years are a time of great
growth and activity.
Teens need a variety of
nutrients in their diet.
Energy
Energy, warmth, and
protection
Build and repair
cells
Eyes, hair, fight
diseases
Bones, teeth
Keep things
moving
Teens should follow the “My Pyramid”
Guide produced by the USDA.
Avoid too much sugar Let’s figure the
amount of sugar
you might drink in
one year’s time.
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Limit fat intake 
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Keep total fat intake between 25-35 %
of your daily calories. (App. 60 gr.)
Have most of your fats come from the
unsaturated groups (especially
monounsaturated) like -
How many fat grams are in
your favorite foods?
Limit Caffeine intake
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Caffeine is not a nutrient so it is NOT
required to be listed on food labels.
Research suggests that:
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A. Fountain drinks have more caffeine
than canned ones.
B. Citrus flavored beverages are usually
higher in caffeine than cola and pepper
products.
C. Store brand colas tend to be lower
than name brand colas.
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Caffeine mimics a neural chemical which our body
produces naturally. Continuous use of caffeine will
cause the body’s own system to quit making the
neural chemical – after all, why bother producing it
in the body, when you are providing it artificially.
The use of caffeine in youth causes a great concern
as the developing nervous system needs to learn
how to produce and balance its own natural neural
chemicals. Providing them artificially during this
time causes confusion.
Monster Drink 16 oz. – 160 mg.
 Full Throttle
16. oz – 144 mg.
 Rage
16 oz. - 200 mg.
 Rock Star
Citrus Punched 16 oz. – 240 mg.
 SoBe No Fear 16 oz. – 174 mg.
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What about caffeine in
chocolate?
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One Hershey bar has 10 mg. caffeine.
One researcher said, "As you can see
a child would have to consume [about]
14 chocolate bars to get the caffeine
amount in a cup of coffee. I think a
child eating 14 chocolate bars has a
bigger problem than caffeine
consumption!”
Slow down on the salt!
You should have less than 2,300 mg of
sodium per day. Or in other words:
1 teaspoon
(that’s the little one)
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That counts all the salt in prepared foods!
Keep up on potassium.
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Potassium can be obtained by eating
most fruits and vegetables
Love That Water!
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Make sure you drink plenty of water
each day. (8 glasses)
Tips for Teens on Eating Well
Pack whole pieces of fresh fruit for between class snacks or
lunch.
Keep a box of graham crackers or low-fat vanilla wafers
in your locker for a handy sweet treat.
Low-fat yogurt, string cheese, or a carton of nonfat milk
are quick protein sources to help get you through a
“sluggish” afternoon.
Try the salad bar to get a variety of fruits and
vegetables in your lunch
No time for breakfast? Grab a slice of leftover pizza or
fill a baggie with cereal.
A bagel or an English muffin with jam is a quick grab &
go breakfast.
Growing bodies need regular fuel; snacks are an
important part of your daily diet, if you keep most of
them healthy and low in fat
Carrot or celery sticks and dip are packaged and ready
to go in the produce section of the grocery store - pick
some up for convenient lunch items.
Rather than raiding the pop machine, buy a can of
100% fruit or vegetable juice.
1% or nonfat milk is essential for teens in building
strong bones for peak performance in physical
activity
Add kidney beans or garbanzo beans to your salad at
lunch for protein power
Beautiful hair, nails, skin, & eyes require a lot of fruits
and vegetables for the vitamins needed to look their
best
Peanut butter & jelly on whole wheat bread is a great
after-school snack.
Drink plenty of fluids to keep your body functioning
well; 6-8 cups of water, milk, & juice work best.
Caffeinated beverages don’t count
Pack dried fruit or boxed fruit juice for after-school
sports practice
Pretzels and low-fat popcorn make great snacks
when you need a “crunch”
Learn to cook quick and healthy meals – you’ll be
helping yourself and your family eat well
Can you pick the best meals?
Let’s get moving…
You should have at least 30 minutes of physical
exercise each day.
Choose the farthest parking space.
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Take stairs not the elevator
Arrange play time with a friend.
How Long Does It Take to
Burn The Calories?
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Candy
Hershey kiss
min.
Sweetheart
candy
min.
Jogging
2.8 min.
.5 min.
Watch TV
25
4
Salad Assignment
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Read Sec. 20-2 in your book
List six examples of salad greens.
There are four different kinds of salada_________,a_________,m________
d_________
Tell me how to prepare and clean iceberg lettuce, leafy greens,
and premixed salad greens.
When should you add the dressing to leafy salads?
Explain emulsions and give me an example of a salad dressing
that is an emulsion.
Name two things it suggests you try to lower the fat content of
the dressing?
What about Teen Athletes?
Teen Athletes
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Three nutrients needed to provide energy are…
Muscle is built by __________, not by eating extra
protein.
Nutrient-dense foods are required because of high
energy output.
Meals should be eaten 3-5 hours before an athletic
event.
Water is essential; 2 cups of water is recommended
for every pound lost during a workout.
Potassium replacement is recommended after a
workout. A good way to accomplish this is by eating
dried fruit, fruit, vegetables, and drink low-fat milk.
Exercise Myths
True or False
The more you sweat, the more calories you
burn.
F
Sweat (perspiration) has no relation to how many calories you
burn or permanent weight loss. Sweat is merely your body’s
mechanism for releasing heat. Therefore, never wear a rubber
suit or heavy clothes to promote weight loss, it can be very
dangerous.
Exercise Myths
True or False
Walking a mile burns the same amount of
calories as running a mile.
T
Because it takes longer to walk a mile than run, you expend
about the same amount of calories.
Exercise Myths
True or False
The best time to exercise is in the evening.
F There is no single “best time” to exercise. The best time to
exercise is the time most convenient for you. Regardless of
what time a day you exercise you will gain benefits. (Realize
that exercising before bed acts as a stimulant and exercising
right after a meal may be uncomfortable.
Exercise Myths
True or False
Water is the best fluid replacement to drink
during and after exercise.
T Water is the best fluid replacement. Sport drinks (Gatorade,
etc.) will not greatly affect your performance unless you are
exercising for more than 2 hours continuously.
Exercise Myths
True or False
Regular activity does not have the health
benefits that vigorous exercise offers.
F Unless you are training for a specific event, regular activity will
improve cardiovascular fitness. Daily activities might include
such things as stretch breaks, parking further away, taking the
stairs, going for a walk, a game of tennis, yard work, chasing
kids, etc. More vigorous exercise is good, but so is daily
activity. Experts now recommend that everyone accumulate
30 + minutes of activity most days of the week, not necessarily
continuous or vigorous – Just MOVE!
Eating Disorders
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We have a serious and life
threatening problem!
Eating disorders are:
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Illnesses with a biological basis
modified and influenced by emotional
and cultural factors.
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They are life threatening but recovery
is possible.
Statistics
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There are an estimated 10 million
females and 1 million males in the US
affected by anorexia or bulimia.
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There are another 25 million more who
have problems with binge eating.
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1 in every 5 women are affected by
eating disorders.
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In Div. 1 NCAA athletes, over 1/3 of
the females were at risk for anorexia.
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42% of 1st – 3rd grade girls wanted to
be thinner
81 % of 10 year olds were afraid of
being fat.
46% of 9-11 year olds are sometimes
or often on diets.
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Americans spend over $40 billion a
year on dieting and diet products.
Influencing Factors
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Eating disorders can begin with
preoccupation with dieting and food
but also have other underlying factors.
These may fall under the categories of
behavioral, emotional, psychological,
interpersonal or social factors.
Psychological
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Low self esteem
Loneliness
Anger
Depression
Interpersonal
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Family problems
History of being teased
Stressful relationships
Abuse
Difficulty expressing emotions
Social
Societal expectations of thinness and
obsession with the value of physical
attractiveness.
The average woman in America is
5’ 4” and weighs 140 lbs.
The average model in America is
5’ 11” and weighs 117 lbs.
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Dove movie clip
Healthy Weight Management
What should I weigh?
Girls – 100 lbs. for the first 5’…+ 5 lbs. for
each inch over that (+ or – 10%)
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Guys – 106 lbs. for the first 5’…+ 6 lbs.
For each inch over that ( + or – 10%)
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Who promotes unrealistic expectations
in young people?
YOU?
Your body needs calories for:
1. Essentials – heart beat, breathe
1000
2. Luxury – hair, nails, thinking
800 + or –
3. Growth – 200 + or –
4. Activity – 500 + or –
5. Storage – 0 cal. Needed
When you are dieting the calories are used from the bottom of the
list to the top. Body first burns the stored fat. Then it cuts down
activity, then growth, then luxury, and finally essentials.
Girl died from anorexia…her heart weighed 50 gr. The normal heart
weighs around 300 gr.
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3500 calories = 1 lb.
If you eat 3500 extra calories per week
you will gain 1 lb.
If you eat 3500 less calories per week
you will lose 1 lb.
Ideal healthy weight loss is generally
around 1-2 lbs. per week.
Rules for dieting
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Do not skip meals, especially breakfast
Eat a variety of foods – include all the food groups
Set realistic goals
Change old eating habits
Increase your exercise
Drink lots of water
No lower than 1000 calories per day
No diet pills
No starving
No yo-yo dieting
Only You Can Be You
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Feel good about who you are and
what’s really important. Think
positively. Don’t seek for the “quickfix”. Compare yourself only to you.
The Elderly
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As people age they continue to need
the same nutrients, although in smaller
amounts.
The elderly often have problems that
make it difficult to eat well.
Taste
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By 65, 50% of the taste buds are lost.
By the late 70’s a person has
approximately 1/6 of the taste buds he
had at age 20.
What goes first? Sweet and Salty.
Sour and bitter tend to function to a
very old age.
Also, medicines being taken can cause
food to have strange flavors.
Smell
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Over 40% of people 80 or older have
difficulty identifying common smells.
Two thirds of taste is dependent upon
smell.
Also can’t smell body odors, or
warning odors such as fire and gas.
Sight
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The average 65 year old has a visual
acuity of 20/70 or less.
The lens of the eye yellows and filters
out the blue end of the light spectrum.
The lens of the eye hardens and closeup vision such as reading is difficult.
The elderly eye is more sensitive to
glare and takes longer to adjust to
changes in light levels.
Touch and Dexterity
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40 % of people over the age of 65
have limits to activity. (arthritis,
Parkinson’s Disease and stroke)
Skin sensitivity and pain detection
decrease with age
May have trouble holding utensils or
pans or standing for long periods
Hearing
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Hearing can be the most serious
change.
Rarely inspires sympathy and
understanding.
50% of older adults have a hearing
loss…most often men
S,F,P and TH become difficult to
hear. “Dead for red” or “Fill for pill”.
or
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Societal problems
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Can’t drive any more so shopping is
difficult.
Loneliness – no fun eating alone or
cooking meals for yourself.
Not enough money to buy sufficient
food.
Some Diseases Affected by Diet
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Anemia
Diabetes
Type 1 – juvenile diabetes
Type 2 – adult onset diabetes
Osteoporosis
Heart Disease
Anemia
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Severe depletion of iron results in low
hemoglobin.
Prevention – Eat more meats, fortified
cereal, dark green leafy veggies and
vitamin C
Diabetes
Blood sugar levels are too high. Ineffective or not
enough insulin. Can damage kidneys, eyes and
other part of the body.
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Type 1 – Juvenile onset diabetes.
Type 2 – Adult onset diabetes.
Vision
disturbances
Craving for
sweets
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Rapid weight
loss
Prevention – Maintain carb intake
through diet and insulin
Osteoporosis
Fragile bones
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Condition that manifests itself in older
adults.
Not enough dairy
products
Prevention – Bone mass develops during first 25 years
of life. Eat foods high in calcium. (Dairy groups) Drink
less soda. Do weight bearing exercise (walk, run,
dance, etc.)
Heart Disease
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Leading cause of death in the US. Plaque forms
along the inner walls of the arteries and clogs them.
Cholesterol forms plaque.
Age
Tobacco and alcohol use
Prevention – Decrease consumption of high
fat and sodium. Increase exercise and fiber
consumption. No alcohol and tobacco.