Transcript Part IX and Chapter 32 - Nicholls State University

Chapter 25
Sections 25.1, 25.2, 25.4
Biology
Sixth Edition
Raven/Johnson
(c) The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.
Taxonomy is the science
of classifying living things.
A group of organism at a
particular level in a
classification system is
called a taxon.
Each organism has a
binomial name made up
of the genus the
organism is in and the
particular species name:
Genus species.
The binomial classification system removes
ambiguity from common name:
Flathead - goujon caille - opelousas cat - yellow
cat – spotted cat
Crappie - sac-au-lait - white perch – strawberry
bass – paper mouth – calico bass
Domain
Kingdom
Phylum
Class
Order
Family
Genus
Species
Pneumonic device:
Dumb Kings Play Chess On Fine Green Silk
How many people per classification?
Domain
Universe
Kingdom
Earth
Phylum
U.S.
Class
Louisiana
Order
Nicholls
Family
Biology 155
Genus
Your last name
Species
Your first name
Most recent common
ancestor and all
descendants
Most recent common
ancestor but not all
descendants (think –
just dinosaurs)
Common ancestor to
all groups here.
Evolutionary tree = a phylogeny
Does not include most
recent common
ancestor of all the
members
Clade – a group of
organisms related by
descent; this approach
to constructing a
phylogeny is called
cladistics.
By separating groups of
organisms based on
specific traits, a
cladogram can be
constructed.
How is it decided
which trait to use?
Three domains are now recognized (may be subject to
change):
Domain:
Archaea – Archaebacteria: inhabit diverse, usually extreme
habitats
Bacteria – eubacteria; ‘There are more living eubacteria in
your mouth than there are mammals living on Earth’!
Eukarya – eukaryotes; four kingdoms:
Animalia, Plantae, Fungi, Protista
The End.