Transcript 13-3 Cell Transformation - Pleasanton Unified School District

Chapter 13
Genetic Engineering
Section 13-3
Cell Transformation
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Cell Transformation
Key Concept:
During Transformation
1. A Cell Takes In DNA From Outside The
Cell.
2. This External DNA Becomes Part Of
The Cell’s DNA.
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Transforming Bacteria
• Plasmids
–Found In Bacteria
• Small Circular Pieces Of DNA
• Has DNA Sequence That Functions
As Origin For Replication
–This ensure that once in the bacteria,
it will be replicated
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Transforming Bacteria
• Plasmids (cont.)
– Contains A Genetic Marker
• A Gene That Labels The Bacteria As A
Plasmid Carrier
–For Example: Resistance To
Antibiotics
»Allows Transformed Cells To Be
Identified
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Transforming Bacteria
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Transforming Plant Cells
• Transform Bacteria With Plant Tumor
Plasmid (Agrobacterium tumefaciens)
– Scientists Inactivate Plant Tumor Gene
– Insert Foreign DNA
– Recombinant Plasmid Then Transforms
Plant Cells
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Transforming Plant Cells
• Cultured Plant Cells With Cell Walls
Removed Will Sometimes Absorb DNA
• DNA May Be Injected Directly Into Plant
Cells (Gene Gun)
• Cells Then Grown Into Adult Plants
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Transforming Plant Cells
Key Concept:
If Transformation Is Successful, The
Recombinant DNA Is Integrated Into
One Of The Chromosomes Of The
Cell
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Transforming Plant Cells
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Transforming Animal Cells
Egg Cells Large Enough:
– DNA Injected Into Nucleus
• Enzymes Normally Responsible For
DNA Repair & Recombination May Insert
DNA Into Chromosomes
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Transforming Animal Cells
• Recombinant DNA Contains Markers
Allowing Transformed Cells To Be
Identified
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Transforming Animal Cells
Scientists Can Knock Out Single Genes
– Flanking Sequences In New DNA Can
Remove A Host Cell Gene or Replace
It With A New Gene
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Knocking Out Genes
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