Transcript Bacteria, Classification, and Kingdoms Review Sheet

Quiz Date
Thursday, May 5th
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Multiple Choice
Matching
True/False
Short Answer
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Use your notes (Unit 1)
Bacteria to Plants Book (Sections 1-3, 1-4, &
2-2)
Worksheets and Labs
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This review sheet covers the majority of the
information on the test, but it may not cover
all of it. It is always a good idea to reread the
book sections, notes, & labs.
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1. Define classification and give an example
of a classification system.
◦ The process of grouping things based on their
similarities.
◦ All the kids in Wilmette are grouped into different
grades (K-8) based on their ages and when they
were born.
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2. What is taxonomy? A taxonomic key?
◦ The scientific study of how living things are
classified
◦ A series of paired statements that describe the
physical characteristics of different organisms.
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3. Using the taxonomic key on pg. 37, what is
the identity of the organism in figure 16?
◦ Pseudoscorpion
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4. How did Aristotle classify organisms?
◦ Three groups:
 Those that fly
 Those that swim
 Those that walk, crawl, or run
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5. How did Carolus Linnaeus classify
organisms?
◦ Grouped organisms based on their observable
features. He used his observations to devise a
naming system for organisms – binomial
nomenclature.
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6. What did Charles Darwin contribute to
classification?
◦ Published a theory about how species change over
time.
◦ Provided evidence that certain organisms are
similar because they share similar evolutionary
histories.
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7. What are the six kingdoms of life?
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Archaeabacteria
Eubacteria
Protists
Fungi
Plant
Animal
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1. What is the difference between prokaryotic
and eukaryotic?
◦ Remember PRO rhymes with NO.
◦ Prokaryotic = No nucleus
◦ Eukaryotic = Has a nucleus
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2. What are the three shapes of bacteria?
(Give their scientific and common names.)
Rod Shaped – Bacilli
Spiral – Spirilla
Round - Cocci
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3. What organelles does a bacteria cell
contain?
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Cytoplasm
Ribosomes
Flagellum
Cell Wall
Cell Membrane
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4. Compare and contrast the two kingdoms
of bacteria.
Both are unicellular and prokaryotic
Eubacteria:
◦ Live Everywhere
◦ Helpful Bacteria
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Archaea bacteria:
◦ Chemical differences
◦ Extreme environments
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5. How are archaea bacteria classified? What
about non-archaea (eu)bacteria?
Archaea: Classified by where they live
Eubacteria: The role they play in the
environment
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6. What is an endospore? A flagellum?
◦ Endospore: Small, rounded, thick-walled, resting
cell that forms inside a bacteria cell when
conditions are unfavorable.
◦ Flagellum: Long, whiplike structure that extends
out through a cell membrane and cell wall. It helps
the cell move.
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7. What is binary fission?
◦ A form of asexual reproduction in which one cell
divides to form two identical cells.
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8. What is conjugation?
◦ The process in which a unicellular organism
transfers some of its genetic material to another
unicellular organism.
◦ It does not produce offspring! After information is
transferred, the cells must undergo binary fission!
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9. How are binary fission and conjugation
related?
◦ Binary fission and conjugation are both types of
reproduction. Conjugation involves two parents
sharing information, but in order for offspring to be
produced, all bacteria cells must undergo binary
fission.
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10. Describe four ways that bacteria are
helpful to humans.
◦ Fuel: Methane produced by archaebacteria is a
major component in natural gas
◦ Food: Cheese, yogurt, apple cider, olives, etc – all
are made with the help of bacteria!
◦ Environmental Recycling: Decomposers break down
large chemicals into smaller ones.
◦ Environmental Cleanup: Remember Lead, SD? The
bacteria ate the cyanide.
◦ Health and Medicine: Digestive system’s BFF. Also,
helps with the production of some medicines
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11. What is an antibiotic? What causes
antibiotic resistance?
◦ A chemical that can kill a bacteria.
◦ Antibiotic resistance is caused by:
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Not finishing a course of antibiotics
Over-use of antibiotics
Prescribing antibiotics when they aren’t necessary
The resistant DNA is shared with non-resistant
bacteria
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What is a vaccine?
◦ A substance that stimulates the body to produce
chemicals that destroy viruses, bacteria, or other
disease-causing organisms.
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Explain the Zone of Inhibition.
◦ The zone of inhibition is the clear area around an
antibiotic disk. The clear area indicates that the
bacteria was not able to grow there. The larger the
zone of inhibition, the better the antibiotic fights
that bacteria.
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14. Below are three types of archaea bacteria.
Describe the environment of each one.
◦ Methanogens: produce methane
◦ Halophiles: live in salty places
◦ Thermophiles: live in extreme temperatures
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15. Below are three types of eubacteria.
Describe each one.
◦ Producers: transform energy from sunlight into
energy that can be used by cells
◦ Decomposers: break down large chemicals into
smaller ones
◦ Parasites: live on or in a host, causing it harm.
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Your test is on Thursday!
It is on Scantron – don’t forget a pencil. Pen
is not allowed!