Transcript FUNGICIDES
FUNGICIDES
Disease Control
Exclusion
Keeping pathogen out
Quarantine
Equipment cleaned and sterilized
Disease Control
Eradication
Eliminate or destroy
Sanitation
Difficult to achieve 100%
Disease Control
Resistance
Resistance is genetic
Tolerance is ability to endure
Still infected
Disease Control
Avoidance
Prevent contact between host and pathogen
Modify environment
Planting time
Disease Control
Protection
Chemical
Barrier that prevents infection
FUNGICIDES
Fungicides kill or inhibit fungi
Inhibit growth and reproduction
Fungistatic
Not all fungicides are curative
Some only preventative
CONTACT FUNGICIDES
Active on leaf surface
Inhibit fungal growth
Control for 7 to 14 days
Rapidly degrade
Light, MO, and exposure
CONTACT FUNGICIDES
Was most common fungicides
Re-registration cost
Less expensive
Broad range of control
Less resistance
Multiple MOA
Leaf spot diseases
PENETRANT FUNGICIDES
Enter plant tissue
Provide longer protection than contacts at lower
rates
As long as 21 to 28 days
PENETRANT FUNGICIDES
Types of Penetrants
Localized, little or no movement in the plant
Translaminar moves across leaf blade
Mesostemic moves into cuticle and epidermis
PENETRANT FUNGICIDES
Types of Penetrants
Acropetal, upward translocation
Majority of penetrants are acropetal
PENETRANT FUNGICIDES
Types of Penetrants
Systemic, true systemic up and downward
movement
Fosetyl-al (common name)
FUNGICIDE RESISTANCE
Selection of tolerant fungi by using the same class of
chemical
Same mode of action (MOA)
Fungal pathogens that produce more spores more
susceptible to developing resistance
Botrytis, powdery mildew, downy mildew, rust
Rotate fungicide classes
http://www.frac.info codes
FRAC Code
FUNGICIDE RESISTANCE
Contact prevent fungal growth by interrupting >2
growth processes
Penetrants often interrupt only 1 process
FUNGICIDE RESISTANCE
Humans (Disease)
Alien (Contact fungicide)
3 MOA
Spit acid
Tail spear
Mouth #2
If humans develop thick acid-
resistant skin, Alien just stabs
them with tail or mouth #2
Resistance averted
FUNGICIDE RESISTANCE
Humans (Disease)
Alien Jr. (Systemic
fungicide)
1 MOA
Suffocation
If humans develop
ability to breathe
out ears, Alien Jr.
no longer works
Humans resistant
FUNGICIDE RESISTANCE
Avoiding resistance
Rotate chemical classes (FRAC)
Tank mix contacts and penetrants
Increases MOA and control spectrum
Incomplete list of
FUNGICIDE CATEGORIES
Benzimidazoles
Thiophanate-methyl very popular
Incomplete list of
FUNGICIDE CATEGORIES
Dicarboximides
Iprodione
Good on flower blight
Incomplete list of
FUNGICIDE CATEGORIES
Sterol Inhibitors
Myclobutanil
Fenarimol (documented disease resistance)
Incomplete list of
FUNGICIDE CATEGORIES
Strobilurins
Synthesized version of antifungal substance
produced by fungus
Strobilurus tenacellus
Feeds on organic matter
Inhibits competitive MO
Very low toxicity
EPA calls reduced risk
Incomplete list of
FUNGICIDE CLASSES
Strobilurins
Single target site
Resistance risk
Azoxystrobin (Heritage)
Wide range of control
Long residual
Incomplete list of
FUNGICIDE CLASSES
Strobilurins
Trifloxystrobin (Compass)
Can travel 2” through air as vapor to other leaves
Incomplete list of
FUNGICIDE CATEGORIES
Oomycete Products
Oomycetes cause root rot
Not true fungi
Phytophthora
Phythium
Downy mildew
Root rot fungicides
Fosetyl-al (Aliette)
Only true systemic
Incomplete list of
FUNGICIDE CATEGORIES
Broad Spectrum Protectants
Contact fungicides
Rare resistant problems
Chlorothalonil very popular
Mancozeb
Incomplete list of
FUNGICIDE CATEGORIES
Biological
Antagonistic rather than fungicidal
Protective
Rootshield (Trichoderma fungus)
Root disease
Companion (Bacillus bacteria)
Root and foliar disease
Incomplete list of
FUNGICIDE CATEGORIES
Inorganic
Bordeaux mixture
Copper sulfate and lime
Copper controls
bacterial disease
Incomplete list of
FUNGICIDE CATEGORIES
Natural
Neem oil
Foliar disease (contact)
Various other functions
Insecticide
Toothpaste
Etc.
Incomplete list of
FUNGICIDE CATEGORIES
Biological
Injection-based systems
Eco Soil Systems
Bacteria (Pseudomonas sp.)
BioTrek injection
Fungus (Trichoderma)
COST COMPARISON
PRODUCT
COST OF
PRODUCT
OUNCES PER
100 GAL
Subdue
$210 / Quart
1 oz
$7
Terrazole
$143 / Quart
7 oz
$31
Fenstop
$278 / Quart
14 oz
$122
Fosphite
$48 / Gallon
64 oz
$24
COST OF
APPLCATION