Transcript 55_Clicker_Questions

CLICKER QUESTIONS
For CAMPBELL BIOLOGY, NINTH EDITION
Jane B. Reece, Lisa A. Urry, Michael L. Cain, Steven A. Wasserman, Peter V. Minorsky, Robert B. Jackson
Chapter 55
Ecosystems and Restoration
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Ecology
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Questions prepared by
Eric Ribbens
Western Illinois University
John Zarnetske
Hoosick Falls Central Schools
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How do the Taylor Glacier bacteria in
Antarctica produce their energy?
a) photosynthesis
b) heterotrophism
c) chemoautotrophism
d) thermophobism
e) chemosynthesis
The second law of thermodynamics states that
entropy must always increase with every
energy transaction. This directly implies that
a) ecosystems cannot accumulate high-value sources of
energy.
b) energy cannot be converted into matter.
c) complex ecosystems cannot evolve from simple
ecosystems.
d) in any energy transaction, some of the energy is lost,
typically as heat.
e) entropy controls ecological succession.
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Unlike energy, matter cycles. This means that
a) an ecosystem cannot lose chemicals from it.
b) ecosystems can acquire chemicals that are used up
from other ecosystems.
c) when models are built for ecosystems, all of the
materials should be able to be accounted for.
d) matter is being continually converted into heat and
back into matter.
e) chemicals contain energy but energy doesn’t
contain chemicals.
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Gross primary productivity is higher than net
primary productivity. The difference between
the two is
a) the amount of energy producers burn when they
metabolize.
b) typically the ratio between the biomass of producers
and the biomass of consumers.
c) an important measure of ecosystem productivity.
d) energy that is lost into outer space due to metabolic
inefficiencies.
e) energy that is stored in plant tissues.
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Why are big, predatory animals rare? Most big,
predatory animals are tertiary consumers,
which implies that
a) typically, they are highly territorial.
b) it’s hard for an ecosystem to support many of them
because so much energy is lost at each level of energy
exchange.
c) by overexploitation, humans have caused many
predatory species to become endangered
d) it takes a long time for big, predatory animals to evolve.
e) it’s hard for a big animal to move through dense
vegetation.
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Look at the diagram, which shows a general model of
nutrient cycling. There are major differences between
kingdoms of organisms; for example, plants tend to do
most assimilation and photosynthesis. However, all living
things contribute to one of the arrows on this diagram.
Which arrow shows an activity or activities that is/are
performed by every living thing?
a) weathering
b) respiration, decomposition,
and excretion
c) photosynthesis
d) fossilization
e) combustion
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Eighty percent of our atmosphere is nitrogen gas, yet
every year farmers spray ammonia manufactured
from natural gas on their fields as a fertilizer. This is
because the only way to convert nitrogen from a gas
into an available form is by
a) decomposers.
b) nitrifying bacteria.
c) denitrifying bacteria.
d) nitrogen-fixing bacteria.
e) legumes.
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What is the most important role of
photosynthetic organisms in an ecosystem?
a) converting inorganic compounds into
organic compounds
b) absorbing solar radiation
c) producing organic detritus for decomposers
d) dissipating heat
e) recycling energy from other trophic levels
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Which of the following would you feed, if you
wanted to covert excess grain into the
greatest amount of biomass?
a) chickens
b) mice
c) cattle
d) carp (a type of detritus-feeding fish)
e) mealworms (larval insects)
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Which of the following best defines the goal of
restoration ecology?
a) Replace a damaged ecosystem with a more suitable
ecosystem for that area and time.
b) Speed up the restoration of a degraded ecosystem.
Completely restore a disturbed ecosystem back to its
former undisturbed state.
c) Prevent further degradation by protecting the area in
question with park status.
d) Manage competition between species in humanaltered ecosystems.
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