Transcript REPRODUCTION

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Job is to produce sperm.
Outside reproductive system: penis, scrotum
Inside scrotum is two testes where sperm is
produced
Connecting the testes and the penis are the
two vas deferens.
Vas Deferens are the tubes in which sperm
travel.
Along the way are glands that nourish and
protect the sperm.
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Testes (Testicles) – have 2 main functions.
 Make sperm
▪ They are separated from the body to regulate
temperature. Makes about 50,000 sperm every minute
 Make sex hormone testosterone
▪ Important for the development of male sex
characteristics
▪ Important for body hair, muscle growth, heavier bones
and deeper voices
Sperm are made in the
testes and then travel
to the Epididymis to
mature.
 The Epididymis is a
tightly coiled mass of
tubes on top of each
testes.
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They mature anywhere
from 2 – 10 days.
 They then leave to the
Vas Deferens.
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The Vas Deferens
tubes lead to the
urethra.
 The sperm will then
leave the body through
the urethra.
 This is the same tube
in which urine will
leave the body.
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Glands along the way
nourish the sperm. This
creates the fluid called
semen.
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The penis is what makes it possible for the
sperm to enter the female body.
When the male is excited the arteries leading
to the penis open wider.
And veins in the penis close or narrow so less
blood flows out.
The accumulated blood causes the penis to
become larger and firmer.
During ejaculation, muscles around the
urethra and the base of the penis contract.
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The sperm’s structure make it easy for it to
swim quickly.
The semen in one ejaculation contains 40
million to 400 million sperm.
The majority of sperm will never make it to
the egg.
Many sperm help fertilization because they
break down the outer shell of the egg.
They release an enzyme that breaks down
the shell.
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Circumcised or
Uncircumcised
 Circumcised – where the
foreskin is cut from
around the penis.
Proven no medical
benefit as long as good
hygiene is practiced.
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Common reproductive
disorders:
 Undescended Testes
 Hernia
 Infertility
 Enlarged Prostate
 Prostate Cancer
 Testicular Cancer
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Undescended Testes: Need to descend by 2 or
surgery
Hernia: Intestine protrudes into the scrotum
through a weakness in abdominal wall.
Infertility: low sperm count, can be a number of
things; x-rays, exposure to harmful drugs
Enlarged Prostate Gland: gets larger and
obstructs bladder.
Prostate Cancer: most common cancer for
males, most common deaths for males.
Testicular Cancer: most common in ages 15-35
Parts of the female
 In between the labia
reproductive system
minora is the clitoris.
that is outside the
body is the Vulva.
 The vulva consists of
the pubic bone on the
lower torso and the
labia majora.
 Inside the labia majora
is two smaller folds
called the labia minora.
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Below clitoris is the
 At the upper end is a part
opening of the urethra.
of the uterus called the
 Unlike the male the
cervix.
urethra does not have a
role in reproduction.
 Below the urethra is the
opening to the vagina.
 The vagina is a muscular
tube that receives the
sperm.
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The center of the cervix is a small opening in
which sperm enter through.
During childbirth the baby must pass through
the cervix and enters the vagina. This is then
called the birth canal.
There are two ovaries on either side of the
uterus. Like the testes they have 2 functions:
 Produce eggs: only produce one at a time.
 Produce sex hormones
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Increase in height
Widening of the hips
Softer and smoother skin
Increase breast size
Growth of pubic hair and underarm hair
Enlargement of external genitals
Formation of mature ova
Beginning of menstruation
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Ovaries produces several hundred thousand
eggs.
All remain in ovaries in a half-mature state
until puberty.
The hormones cause an egg to be matured
then released once a month.
The release of the egg from the ovary is
called ovulation.
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The Fallopian Tubes: is a
four inch long tube that
connects an ovary to the
uterus.
When an egg has matured
it is swept into the fallopian
tube from the ovary.
This is where fertilization
can occur.
Has to be fertilized within
12 to 24 hours. Or it then
breaks down.
During menstrual cycle the
inner lining of the uterus
thickens and many tiny
blood vessels grow into this
thickened lining.
 If egg has not been
fertilized and the female is
not pregnant the blood
vessels of the lining close up
and then break.
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Menstrual cramps: Cramps during menstrual
cycle, warm baths, OTC medicine, age
PMS: premenstrual syndrome
Toxic Shock Syndrome: bacterial infection
associated with tampons.
Cysts: growth in ovary, can experience pain or
nothing at all. Some medically removed.
Cancers: yearly pap smear test to detect for
cervical cancer.
Infertility: underweight, or scar tissue from
infection or surgery.
Combination of physical
and hormonal changes
 Avoid caffeine and salt
 Exercise regularly to
produce beta-endorphins
that improve mood and
reduce anxiety and
depression.
 Possible medications.
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 Weight gain
 Bloating
 Swollen breasts
 Cravings
 Anxiety
 Backaches
 Mood swings
 Depression
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Sudden emotional changes and
sexual feelings begin.
Estrogen and other hormones
cause these changes.
Changes in stress level can cause
intense feelings.
Still need to take responsibility for actions and
understand how your body works
The physical changes a body goes through is
affected by a female’s heredity, diet and habits