Transcript NATIONAL INSTITUTES OF HEALTH (NIH)

NIH…
[email protected]
Turning Discovery Into Health
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NATIONAL INSTITUTES OF HEALTH (NIH)
RESEARCH RESOURCES IN
BIOTECHNOLOGY
Mukesh Verma, Ph.D.
Chief
Methods and Technologies Branch
Program Director, Epidemiology and Genomics
Research Program
Division of Cancer Control and Population Sciences
National Cancer Institute (NCI)
National Institutes of Health (NIH)
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Outline
• NIH: Mission and Organization
• Different Institutes
• National Cancer Institute: an Example
• Cancer Prevention and Other Research Priorities at the NCI
• Grants: Review Process
• Guidelines for Students: Who Would Apply for Funding
• RePORT, eRA Commons
• Solicited and Unsolicited Grant Applications
• Job Opportunities, Fellowships at NIH
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National Institutes of Health
www.nih.gov
• NIH is the nation's medical research agency
– making important medical discoveries that
improve health and save lives.
• The National Institutes of Health (NIH), a part of the
U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, is
the primary Federal agency for conducting and
supporting medical research.
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www.nih.gov
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National Cancer Institute
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Search
Engine
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NIH Budget
The NIH invests over $30 billion annually in medical research
for the American people.
More than 80% of the NIH’s funding is awarded through
almost 50,000 competitive grants to more than 212,000
researchers at over 2,800 universities, medical schools,
and other research institutions in every state and
around the world.
About 10% of the NIH’s budget supports projects
conducted by nearly 6,000 scientists in its own laboratories,
most of which are on the NIH campus in Bethesda, Maryland.
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The NCI Budget Emphasizes
Extramural Research
NCI Budget > $4B per year
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Budget of DCCPS
• 854 DCCPS grants, totaling over
$350M
• 239 competing awards funded in FY
2008
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New R01s = 108
New R21s = 48
New R03s = 53
All other competing awards = 30
Breakdown of Budget
Funding research
• NIH supports external research in 3 ways:
– Grant: Investigator decides the research
design and approach
– Contract: Government decides the research
scope to fill need and establishes detailed
requirements
– Cooperative Agreement: Similar to grant,
BUT both awarding Institute/Center and
recipient have substantial involvement in
design and conduct of the research
Different Types of Grants
• Small Grants (R03)
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Exploratory Grants (R21)
Investigator Initiated Grants (R01)
Program Project Grants (P01)
Cooperative Agreements (U01)
SBIR/STTR (R41/R42/R43/R44)
Multiple PI Mechanism is Applicable in All
Grants.gov
Cancer.gov
Other Types of Mechanisms
DP1 NIH Director’s Pioneer Award (NDPA)
DP2 NIH Director’s New Innovator Awards
DP3 Type 1 Diabetes Targeted Research
Award
DP4 NIH Director’s Pathfinder AwardMulti-Yr Funding
DP5/UP5 Early Independence
Award/Cooperative Agreement
P01/PL1 Program Project Grant/Linked
Program Project
P20 Exploratory Grants
P30 Center Core Grants
P40 Animal (Mammalian and
Nonmammalian) Model, and Animal and
Biological Material Resource Grants
P41 Biotechnology Resource Grants
P50 Specialized Center
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Grant Review Process
CSR
Major Steps
1-3 Months Submission and assignment
4-6 Months Review and Summary Statement
7-9 Months Human Sub etc and Award
Video of the Review Process:
http://cms.csr.nih.gov/ResourcesforApplicants/InsidetheNIHGrantReviewProcessVideo.htm
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Overall Timeframe from Submission to Award
There are three overlapping cycles per year :
JAN FEB MAR APR
MAY JUN JUL AUG SEP OCT NOV DEC JAN FEB
MAR
APR
MAY JUN JUL
Cycle 1
Receipt
Referral
Review
Council
Award
Cycle 2
Receipt
Referral
Review
Council
Award
Cycle 3
Receipt
Referral
Review
Council
Award
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Training and Fellowship
Grants (T and F Series)
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Cancer Training Grants—K Awards
• Career Development Awards
– K07: Cancer Prevention, Control, Behavioral,
and Population Sciences Career Development
Award
– K22: NCI Transition Career Development
Award
– K23: Mentored Patient-Oriented Research
Career Development Award
– K24: Mid-Career Investigator Award in PatientOriented Research
– K99/R00: NIH Pathway to Independence
Award
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https://commons.era.nih.gov/commons
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Registered Organizations
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Pancreatic Cancer
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DIRECTORY NIH
https://ned.nih.gov/search/search.aspx
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Jobs at NIH
http://www.jobs.nih.gov/
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Research Training
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Summer Training
Student
Postdoctoral
http://www.training.nih.gov/
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NCI Strategic Priorities
Setting Course for Accelerated
Progress
• Molecular Epidemiology:
Understanding Causes of Cancer
• Early Detection, Prevention, Prediction
• Integrative Cancer Biology
• Strategic Development of Cancer
Interventions
• Integrated Clinical Trials System
• Overcoming Health Disparities
• Bioinformatics
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THE CANCER CONTROL CONTINUUM
Prevention
Focus
Cross
Cutting
Issues
Detection
Diagnosis
Treatment
Survivorship
• Informed • Health Services • Palliation
• Tobacco Control • Pap Test
• Diet
• Mammography Decision
and Outcomes • Coping
Making
• Physical Activity • FOBT
Research
• Health Promotion
• Clinical
• Sun Exposure • Endoscopy
• Clinical Trials
Follow-up
• Virus Exposure • PSA Informed
• Alcohol Use
Decision Making• Imaging
• Chemoprevention
• Communications
• Surveillance
• Social Determinants and Health Disparities
• Genetic Testing
• Decision Making
• Evidence Based Healthcare
• Quality of Cancer Care
• Epidemiology
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http://www3.cancer.gov/prevention/
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http://camp.nci.nih.gov/dccps/
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Epidemiology and Genetics
Research Program (EGRP)
EGRP manages a comprehensive program of grantsupported, population-based research that brings to
bear the expertise of scientists to increase our
understanding of cancer etiology and prevention.
Scientists from throughout the United States and
internationally are supported.
Epigenetic
Factors
EGRP
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MRFB and CTEB
Modifiable Risk Factors Branch
Supports research into factors that may be modifiable, such
as diet and nutrition, alcohol, physical activity and energy
balance, tobacco, infectious diseases, physical and chemical
agents, and medical exposures.
Clinical and Translational Epidemiology Branch
Supports research into clinical factors that influence
development of cancer among persons with underlying
diseases and conditions; the progression, recurrence, and
mortality from cancer; and new primary cancers.
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HSFB and MTB
Host Susceptibility Factors Branch
Supports research on personal susceptibility factors such
as genetic, epigenetic, immunological and hormonal
biological pathways, and social, cultural and race/ethnic
factors.
Methods and Technologies Branch
Supports research into methods addressing epidemiologic
data collection, study design and analysis, and to modify
technological approaches developed in the context of other
research endeavors for use as biomarkers and methods
to understand cancer susceptibility.
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Special Populations in EGRP
African-American men
& women
African men & women
Alaskan & Hawaiian Natives
South American women
Middle-Eastern populations
Asian-American &
Asian men & women
LatinAmerican/Hispanics
American-Indian, incl. Navajo
Rural South
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EGRP Studies Are Everywhere
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Senegal
Malawi
The Zambia
China
Japan
Egypt
Israel
Brazil
Colombia
England
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Canada
Sweden
Denmark
France
Costa Rica
Singapore
Poland
U.S., including Alaska
& Hawaii
2.3 Million Subjects
Cohorts, CGN and Family Registries
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The Cohort Consortium (CoCo)
• 37 cohorts, over 4 million individuals
• Membership: cohort studies worldwide with >10,000
subjects, blood samples and questionnaire data on
important cancer risk factors
• The Cohort Consortium was formed by NCI to address
the need for large-scale collaborations for
– Rapid identification and confirmation of common
polymorphisms and cancer susceptibility (GWAS)
– Studies of GxG and GxE interactions in the etiology
of cancer.
BC-CFR Participating Sites
Two international Cancer Family Registries (CFRs) provide an infrastructure for interdisciplinary research in the genetics and epidemiology of
breast/ovarian and colon cancer. Each of the CFRs has epidemiologic,
family history, clinical data, and biospecimens on more the 6,000 families,
among whom there is a history of breast and/or ovarian cancer or colon
cancer.
CFRs support collaborative investigations on:
 Identification of novel cancer susceptibility genes through linkage and
association studies
 Characterization of known cancer susceptibility genes, including
population frequency, penetrance, and genotype-phenotype
correlations
 Study of gene-gene and gene-environment interactions in breast,
ovarian, and colorectal etiology
 Cooperative research on the translational, preventive, behavioral,
and communication aspects of such findings
 Health policy and public health research.
They also participate in prevention and assessment studies by identifying
and referring high-risk populations.
Multi-disciplinary Research in the BC-CFR: a Population Laboratory
Ongoing Projects by Research
Area
Ongoing Projects by Research
Area
Resources
Methods
Resources
Methods
GXE
Gene Disc and Char
Basic Sciences
Epigenetics
Epidemiology
Clinical and Translational
Behavioral
GXE
Gene Disc and Char
Basic Science
Epigenetics
Epidemiology
Clinical and Translational
Behavioral
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Currently accrued a cohort of over 20,000 patients and their families
across the spectrum of risk for breast and colon cancers and
population-based or relative controls
http://epi.grants.cancer.gov/CFR/
EGRP: 418 funded
Verma: 57 funded
(31 pending)
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EPIGENETICS
Epigenetic alterations – changes induced in cells that alter expression of
the information on transcriptional, translational, or post-translational
levels without change in DNA sequence
Methylation of
DNA
DNMT1
DNMT3a
DNMT3b
Modifications of
histones
P
Me
U
RNA-mediated
modifications
• RNA-directed DNA methylation
• RNA-interference mediated
chromatin remodeling
• RNAi, siRNA, miRNA …
-3.0
SAM SAH
A
A - acetylation
Me - methylation
P - phosphorylation
U - ubiquitination
Control
0
Treated
3.0
All cancers examined to date
Ovarian
Colorectal
Pancreatic
Thyroid
Breast
Ovarian
Colorectal
Pancreatic
Thyroid
Prostate
Prostate
Pancreati
c
Colorectal
Thyroid
Bladder
Colorectal
Pancreatic
Ovarian
Thyroid
Map of the Human Mitochondrial DNA
D-loop
12S
Cyt b
rRNA
ND6
16S
rRNA
Pancreatic
Thyroid
OH
ND5
ND1
mtDNA
16.6 kb
ND2
ND4
OL
Pancreatic
Thyroid
Breast
Head and
Neck
Thyroid
Pancreatic
ND4L
ND3
Pancreatic
Prostate
Colorectal
Breast
Colorecta
l
Prostate
Thyroid
COXIII
COXI
COXII ATP8
Colorectal
Pancreatic
Thyroid
ATP6
Pancreatic
Thyroid
Colorectal
Pancreatic
Thyroid
Meduloblastoma
Thyroid
Colorectal
Bladder
Pancreatic
Thyroid
Epidemiology
and mtDNA
D-loop
12S
ND6
mtDNA
16.6 kb
16S
rRNA
L
E
Cyt b
rRNA
ND5
A12308G
Prostate (OR=2.0)
Renal (OR=2.5)
ND1
Caucasians
T4216C
ND2
SNP Interaction
Breast (OR=3.1)
African-Americans
G10398A
Breast (OR=1.6)
Prostate (OR=19.8)
ND4
AfricanAmericans
COXI
ND4L
ND3
R
COXIII
COXII
ATP8
ATP6
Singh (2007) In: Cancer Epidemiology (Verma, M, ed.). Humana Press.
NIH…
[email protected]
Turning Discovery Into Health
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Questions?
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