Transcript Gold Nanoparticles as a Cancer Treatment

GOLD NANOPARTICLES AS A
CANCER TREATMENT
BY: CELIA DUNN
BACKGROUND OF CANCER TREATMENTS
• Egypt 3000B.C.
• 1761 – First Autopsy
• 19th Century- Birth of Oncology
• In 1915, Scientists at Tokyo University induced cancer in lab animals for the
first time
• Current Cancer Treatments Include: Surgery, Radiation, Chemotherapy,
Hormone Therapy, Immune Therapy, and Targeted Therapy
STATISTICS
• Over 50 Different Types of Cancer
• Over 12 Million People Impacted Globally
• Almost 2 Million Diagnoses in the U.S. Alone
– 35% Death Rate
THE PROBLEM
• Tumors can get wrapped around other organs and bone which can make them
inoperable and require extensive treatments which are extremely harsh on
healthy cells.
TWO EXPERIMENTS
1- Swinburne University of Technology
2- Rice University
SWINBURNE UNIVERSITY OF TECHNOLOGY
• Used Gold Nanoparticles to Amplify Hypothermia in Cells
HOW IT WORKS
1- Gold Nanoparticles Infect Cancer Cells
2- High Heat FLMS Laser Pulses are Sent into Tumor Site and Hit Gold Nanoparticles
3- Gold Nanoparticles Heat up and Cause Major Damage in Cells - HYPERTHERMIA
4- Cell Death
RICE UNIVERSITY
• Used Gold Nanoparticles to Develop “quadrapeutics”
“QUADRAPEUTICS”
• 1. LASER PULSE
• 2. X-RAYS (3-6 PERCENT OF A TYPICAL RADIATION DOSE)
• 3. GOLD NANOPARTICLES
• 4. DRUGS
HOW IT WORKS
• 1. Low Dose of Chemotherapy Drug – Tags Cancer Cells
• 2. Inject Gold Nanoparticles
• 3. Low Heat Near-Infrared Laser Pulse
• Nano Particles Turn into Nanobubbles
• 4. Low Dose of Radiation
• RESULTS: Intracellular Explosions
• 17 Times More Efficient than Chemoradiation Therapy
SUCESS
• SUCCESFULLY REMOVED TUMORS IN MICE
DIFFERENCES
• 1- Swinburne University of Technology
• Relies on high heat lasers
• Does not use Drugs
• Kills More Healthy Cells than the Rice University Experiment
• 2- Rice University
• Uses Low Heat Lasers
• Uses Drugs
• Kills Less Healthy Cells than the Swinburne University of Technology Experiment
RISKS
• Could Kill too Many Healthy Cells
• Cause Major Tissue Damage to Organs
FUTURE
• MOVE INTO CLINICAL TRIALS
• CURE FOR INOPERABLE TUMORS
• CURE FOR HARD TO TREAT CANCERS
• LUNG, BRAIN, PROSTATE, ETC..
REFERENCES
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Facts, Cancer. & Figures 2014 (n.d.): n. pag. American Cancer Society. ACS, 2014. Web. 19 Sept. 2014.
•
For Written Permission, Address The Legal Department Of, The American Cancer Society, 250 Williams Street, Nw,, and Ga 30303-1002 Atlanta. "Global Cancer Facts
and Figures." Global Cancer (n.d.): n. pag.American Cancer Society. ACS, 2011. Web. 19 Sept. 2014.
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Johnson, Dexter. "Cancer Bursting Nanobubbles Prove Effectiveness in Preclinical Trials." - IEEE Spectrum. IEEE Spectrum, June-July 2014. Web. 19 Sept. 2014.
• Li, Jing-Liang, and Min Gu. "Gold-Nanoparticle-Enhanced Cancer Photothermal Therapy." IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Quantum Electronics 16.4 (2010): 989-94.
Web.
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Lukianova-Hleb, Ekaterina, Xiangwei Wu, Xiaoyang Ren, Vladimir Torchilin, and Rupa Sawant. "Rice-developed Technology Effective Against Aggressive Cancer." Rice
University News & Media. N.p., n.d. Web. 19 Sept. 2014.
•
"The History of Cancer." The History of Cancer. N.p., n.d. Web. 21 Sept. 2014.
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Pictures:
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http://www.lemmo.com/hyperthermia/hyperthermia-background/
http://www.ihd-wallpapers.com/world-map-pics-1736/
http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Lab_mouse_mg_3216.jpg
http://mobileintensiveprayerunit.blogspot.com/2011_06_01_archive.html