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Chemotherapeutic agents/Antineoplastic agents Alkylating agents Spindle poison/mitotic inhibitor Antimetabolites Cytotoxic/antitumor antibiotics Topoisomerase inhibitors monoclonal antibodies Photosensitizers Tyrosine kinase inhibitors Other Nitrogen mustards: Cyclophosphamide, Nitrosoureas:Streptozocin. Platinum: (Carboplatin, Cisplatin, Oxaliplatin, BBR3464). Busulfan, Dacarbazine, Procarbazine, Temozolomide, ThioTEPA, Uramustine Taxane: (Docetaxel, Paclitaxel). Vinca: (Vinblastine, Vincristine, Vindesine, Vinorelbine). Folic acid: (Aminopterin, Methotrexate, Pemetrexed, Raltitrexed). Purine:(Cladribine, Clofarabine, Fludarabine, Mercaptopurine, Pentostatin, Thioguanine). Pyrimidine:(Capecitabine, Cytarabine, Fluorouracil, Floxuridine, Gemcitabine) Anthracycline family: (Daunorubicin, Doxorubicin, Epirubicin, Idarubicin, Mitoxantrone, Valrubicin) - streptomyces (Actinomycin, Bleomycin, Mitomycin, Plicamycin) - Hydroxyurea Camptotheca: (Camptothecin, Topotecan, Irinotecan), Podophyllum:(Etoposide, Teniposide) Receptor tyrosine kinase (Cetuximab, Panitumumab, Trastuzumab) - CD20 (Rituximab, Tositumomab) - other (Alemtuzumab, Bevacizumab, Gemtuzumab) Aminolevulinic acid, Methyl aminolevulinate, Porfimer sodium, Verteporfin Dasatinib, Erlotinib, Gefitinib, Imatinib, Lapatinib, Nilotinib, Sorafenib, Sunitinib retinoids (Alitretinoin, Tretinoin) - Altretamine, Amsacrine, Anagrelide, Arsenic trioxide, Asparaginase (Pegaspargase), Bexarotene, Bortezomib, Denileukin diftitox, Estramustine, Masoprocol, Mitotane Anti-kanser ilaçların başlıca hedefi nükleik asit sentezinin inhibisyonu veya proliferasyonun inhibisyonudur. 1. Damage the DNA of the affected cancer cells. 2. Inhibit the synthesis of new DNA strands to stop the cell from replicating, because the replication of the cell is what allows the tumor to grow. 3. Stop mitosis or the actual splitting of the original cell into two new cells. Stopping mitosis stops cell division (replication) of the cancer and may ultimately halt the progression of the cancer. Stop the synthesis of pre DNA molecule building blocks: All of these agents work to block some step in the formation of nucleotides or deoxyribonucleotides Examples of drugs in this class include 1) methotrexate 2) Fluorouracil 3) Hydroxyurea 4) mercaptopurine Mechanisms of pharmacokinetic and cellular resistance to methotrexate ANTİ-METABOLİTLER ve REPLİKASYONUN İNHİBİSYONU Hydroxyurea (HU), a ribonucleotide reductase inhibitor has been used in the treatment of some malignant and viral diseases Directly damage the DNA in the nucleus of the cell These agents chemically damage DNA and RNA Examples of drugs in this class include 1. cisplatin 2. antibiotics – daunorubicin, doxorubicin, etoposide Platination of DNA by cis-platin molecule Bazı antibiyotikler aynı zamanda anti-kanser etki gösterirler doxorubicin two doxorubicin molecules intercalating DNA Anti-cancer drugs effects breakdown of the mitotic spindles Examples of drugs in this class of miotic disrupters include: 1. Vinblastine 2. Vincristine 3. Pacitaxel Paclitaxel is a mitotic inhibitor used in cancer chemotherapy Specifically, paclitaxel binds to the β subunit of tubulin. Tubulin is the "building block" of microtubules, and the binding of paclitaxel locks these building blocks in place. Monoclonal antibodies for cancer. ADEPT, antibody directed enzyme prodrug therapy; ADCC, antibody dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity; CDC, complement dependent cytotoxicity; MAb, monoclonal antibody; scFv, single-chain Fv fragment. Modified from Carter P: Improving the efficacy of antibody-based cancer therapies. Nat Rev Cancer 2001;1:118-129; RNA interference CANCER TERAPİ