Transcript Technological Innovation Proposal for Adoption

Technological Innovation:
Proposal for Adoption
Web 2.0 Storyboard
How Has Teaching and Learning
Changed?
19th Century
20th Century
21st Century
Teaching Style
Lecture
Lecture
P2P collaboration
Curriculum
Books, blackboard
Textbooks
Communitygenerated content
Location
One-room
schoolhouse
Classrooms
Anywhere
Interaction
Q&A
Labs
Self-directed
exploration,
teamwork
Objective
Survival
Employment
Lifelong learning
skills
Tools
Blackboard
Labs
Personal devices
Result
“Book learning”
Memorized facts
and information
Adaptation, growth
(Rogers, Liddle, Chan, Doxey, Isom, 2007)
What is Web 2.0?
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read/write web
blogs
wikis
social networking
• about making
connections (Anderson,
2007)
When?
• second version of Web around 2006
(Anderson, 2006)
• no clear development timeline
History of Blogs
Year
Event
1994
First blog created
1997
“logging the Web” called “Weblog”
1999
Weblog shortened to blog
1999
Blogger provides first free blog service
2002
Blogads – first blog advertising
2003
AdSense – advertising matched to blog content
2004
“blog”= Merriam-Webster’s Word of the Year
2005
32 million Americans read blogs
Thompson, C. (2006, February 12). The early years. New York. Retrieved from
http://nymag.com/news/media/15971/
History of Wikis
Date
Event
1994
First wiki
2001
Wikipedia launched; Wikis introduced to general public
2005
Wikispaces and PBWorks launched
2007
Wikipedia one of ten most popular websites
2007
Wiki added to Oxford English Dictionary
Wikipedia. (2011, October 2). History of wikis. Retrieved from
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_wikis
History of Social Networking
Date
Event
1997
First social networking site - SixDegrees
1997-2001
First wave of social networking sites
2001
Ryze – business network
2003
LinkedIn, MySpace
2004
Flickr, Facebook
2005
YouTube, Facebook expanded beyond Harvard University
2006
Twitter
Boyd, D.M. & Ellison, N.B. (2007). Social network sites: definition, history and
scholarship. Journal of Computer-Mediated Communication, 13(1).
Adoption of Web 2.0 Innovations
32 million
Americans
read blogs
Wikipedia one
of 10 most
popular sites
Use of Innovations
Twitter
YouTube
Facebook
Wikispaces
PBWorks
LinkedIn
MySpace
Ryze
Wikipedia
first blogs
and wikis
1994
Blogger
SixDegrees
1996
1998
2000
2002
Time
2004
2006
2008
Adoption of Web 2.0
McAfee, Inc.
Why Web 2.0?
• allows students to be both learner and
teacher (Rogers, Liddle, Chan, Doxey, Isom,
2007)
Innovation-Diffusion Process: Need
• In order to prepare students for 21st century
careers, schools need to use 21st century
technologies (Byrne, 2009).
• Second generation technologies like wikis,
blogs, podcasts, and vlogs allow teachers to
increase collaboration in an online setting
(Beldarrain, 2009).
• “Well-chosen technology resources
infused into classroom instruction
can create more engaged and
better students” (Byrne, 2009, p.
51).
Increased
Motivation to
Learn
Increased
Efficiency
Increased
Engagement
Deeper
Understanding
of Content and
How to Learn
Innovation-Diffusion Process:
Research
• Developers base improvements on feedback
of users.
Innovation-Diffusion Process:
Development
• Different methods of development used for
different applications and sites.
• Release early and often method uses
customer collaboration to improve product.
Product is released to a group that gives
feedback, which is used to make
improvements (Vossen & Hagemann, 2007).
Innovation-Diffusion Process:
Commercialization
• Web 2.0 tools can be found through web
searches.
• Resources are shared through word of mouth.
Early Adopters
• Who?
– Teachers already using technology
– Technology leaders (TECH mentors)
– Teachers with ready access to technology
(computers/Internet)
• Strategies to Convince
– Easy to use
– Can be used on experimental basis
Later Adopters
• Who?
– Teachers set in their ways
– Teacher not open to change until they see benefits
for themselves
– Less technologically savvy individuals
• Strategies to Convince
– Can be used on experimental basis – can be used
as frequently/infrequently as comfortable
How to Meet Critical Mass?
• Trialability
– Web 2.0 provides a variety of different tools with
endless possibilities for use and integration.
Teachers can explore and try the tools they feel
will be most beneficial. Since many of the tools
are free, they can use them as much or as little as
they would like.
• Relative Advantage
– Using Web 2.0 for students to create products and
discuss concepts and learning can lead to higher
level thinking and a deeper understanding of
content. The tools may help make learning
relevant to students.
• Complexity
– Web 2.0 tools are generally easy to use. Teachers
less comfortable with technology may stick to
easier tools initially.
Centralized or Decentralized
Approach?
• Centralized: key decisions made by top
officials; individual is passive adopter
• Decentralized: adoption moves from
operational level horizontally; lots of
reinvention; shared decision making
(Rogers, 2003)
Centralized or Decentralized
Approach?
• A decentralized approach to the adoption of
Web 2.0 technologies will be best. Teachers
can adopt on an individual basis. They can
reinvent as they see best and share their
success with their peer network. This will
encourage more rapid diffusion than a topdown approach.
Key Change Agents
• TEC mentors
• ITEC teachers
Roles of Change Agents
• Roles (Rogers, 2003):
– Develop a need for Web 2.0 by showing teachers
how they can be used to enhance education and
make learning more efficient.
– Form information-exchange relationships with
later adopters
– Diagnose problems with adoption for later
adopters to create smooth path for adoption
Critical Mass?
• Critical mass is “the point at which enough
individuals in a system have adopted an
innovation so that the innovation’s further
rate of adoption becomes self-sustaining”
(Rogers, 2003, p. 362).
• Currently, Web 2.0 technologies have not
reached critical mass in the organization;
however, several innovators and early
adopters have adopted Web 2.0 technologies.
What’s Next
• “We're preparing kids for jobs that don't yet
exist using technologies we haven't yet
invented” (Time Magazine US, 2009).
Strategy to Meet Critical Mass?
• Create belief that innovation is inevitable
(Rogers, 2003)
• Target highly respected technology leaders for
adoption (Rogers, 2003)
• Education is always looking for the next best
thing.
• Web 2.0 technologies encourage
collaboration, critical thinking, and deeper
understanding of content. They help students
develop the skills they will need as adults.
• Web 2.0 technologies are the future.
References
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Anderson, P. (2007). What is web 2.0?: Ideas, technologies, and implications for education. In JISC
Technology and Standards Watch.
Beldarrain, Y. (2006). Distance education trends: Integrating new technologies to foster student
interaction and collaboration. Distance Education, 27(2), 139-153.
doi:10.1080/01587910600789498
Byrne, R. (2009). The Effect of Web 2.0 on Teaching and Learning. Teacher Librarian, 37(2), 50-53.
Retrieved from EBSCOhost.
Kisselburgh, L., Spafford, E.H., Vorvoreanu, M. & Rao, P. (2010). Web 2.0 a complex balancing act:
The first global study on web 2.0 usage, risks and best practices. Retrieved from
www.mcafee.com/us/resources/reports/rp-first-global-study-web-2.0-usage.pdf
Rogers, E. M. (2003). Diffusion of innovations (5th ed.). New York, NY: Free Press.
Rogers, P., Liddle, S. W., Chan, P., Doxey, A., & Isom, B. (2007). Web 2.0 Learning Platform:
Harnessing Collective Intelligence. Online Submission, Retrieved from EBSCOhost.
Time Magazine US. (2009, 21 Sept.). What college students don’t know. Retrieved from
http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,1921587-1,00.html
Vossen, G. & Hagemann, S. Unleashing web 2.0: From concepts to creativity. (2007). New York:
Elsevier, Inc.