Transcript File - Pierce Technology Classes

slide 1
Internet Orientation
Pierce Middle School
Directions
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• As you view this presentation,
complete the items on the sheet
provided.
• If you have any questions, ask me.
slide 3
Internet
Guidelines
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Internet Access Guidelines
South Redford School District
School Board policy requires that
students desiring Internet access at
Pierce Middle School must fulfill the
following:
1. Completion of a permission form
signed by student and parent.
(Acceptable Use Policy)
slide 7
Internet Background
What is the Internet?
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• Global network of networks
• Enables computers of all kinds to
directly and transparently communicate
and share services throughout much of
the world
• World Wide Web = Internet made easy
(“point and click”) and accessible with a
browser
Internet History
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• 1957 Sputnik prompts start of U.S. Dept. of
Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency
(ARPA) - to create a communiction system
independent from traditional systems like telephone
• 1973 ARPA initiates research on techniques and
technologies for interlinking networks of various
kinds
– creation of TCP/IP (Transmission Control Protocol
and Internet Protocol)--the backbone of the
Internet
• 1983 -- There were 500 Internet “hosts”
• 1986 National Science Foundation launches NSFnet
-- Then there were 5,000 hosts
Internet History
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• 1989 Tim Berners-Lee invents the HyperText
Markup Language (HTML), the programming
language with which web pages are now
created
• 1993 Mosaic, first web browser, released
• 1994 3 million Internet users world-wide
• 1995 Number of commercial (business)
addresses exceeds the number of education
addresses
• 1996 40 million Internet users world-wide;
$1 billion spent in Internet shopping malls
Internet History
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• 1998 100 million Internet users worldwide
• It took radio 38 years to reach 50
million listeners
• It took TV 13 years to reach 50 million
viewers
• It took Internet 4 years to reach 100
million users
Internet History
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• 2010
– Estimated nearly 536 million
English speaking users world-wide
– Estimated over 350 million nonEnglish speaking users world-wide
Source = Internet World Stats http://www.
Internetworldstats.com/stats7.htm
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Using a Web Browser
Web Browsers
•A web browser is a software
program designed to give the user
easy navigation of the World Wide
Web (pointing and clicking).
•The two most well-known are
Netscape and Internet Explorer.
•The South Redford School District
uses Internet Explorer.
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Internet Addresses
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< An Internet “address” is also known
as a URL or Uniform Resource Locator
> For example below is the Internet address (or
URL) for Google:
http://www.google.com
< Not all URLs contain www (which
stands for World Wide Web), for example
the South Redford address: http://southredford
.net
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Internet Domain Names
URLs contain domain names which can
be used to generally identify the type of
website you are accessing:
.com means commercial (business)
.edu means educational (college, university, or educational
system)
Use the
.k12 means a school
domain
.org means non-profit organization
name to
.gov means government
help you
.net means an Internet Service Provider
evaluate
~name indicates a personal Web Page
the purpose
Foreign countries have domain indicators:
and
.uk = United Kingdom
legitimacy
.jp = Japan
of a
.cn = Canada
website.
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Saving Favorite Websites
It is important that you know
how to save your favorite Internet
websites so that you don’t have to
remember or re-type their URLs.
In Netscape this process is
called bookmarking. In Explorer
you add favorites.
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Searching on
the Internet
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Searching on the Internet
• Unlike a library, the Internet does not have one
convenient “catalog” to help you find the resources
you need.
• It is important to remember that no single Internet
search mechanism searches the entire Internet.
Therefore it is important to use more than one
search program.
• Search programs on the Internet change daily.
You need to familiarize yourself with two or three
that you like.
• It is also important to familiarize yourself with
some techniques that will make your searching
more efficient.
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Searching on the Internet
There are three types of search
portals on the Internet:
 Directories
 Search Engines
 Meta-Search Engines
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Directories
In a Directory, web sites are organized
into categories. The most well-known
Internet Directory is. . .
In a Directory the sites listed are
selected by the creators of the directory.
They decide whether to list or not list a
site. So Directory search portals are
very controlled by their creators. But
they don’t necessarily guarantee the
authenticity of a site.
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Educational Directories
Some Directories are created by professionals like
librarians or other scholars. These Directories
provide lists of web sites that have been evaluated
for authenticity and educational value.
You are encouraged to use this type of Directory
when you are working on a school project. Some
examples of educational Directories are:
The addresses for these sites are on the
sheet you were given for this presentation.
Search Engines
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• Search Engines use techniques to “harvest” the Internet
and find web sites based on keywords you designate.
• Most Search Engines allow the user to choose between
a “simple” (or “basic”) search and an “advanced” (or
“complex” or “power” search).
• Most Search Engines allow you to use certain Search
Techniques to refine your search. You are much more
likely to get better results if you use Search Techniques.
• You need to read the “help” section of a Search Engine
to know which techniques it allows.
• Some Search Engines (for example, AskJeeves) allow
you to use Natural Language searching, that is, the
language of normal speech (instead of keywords and
search techniques).
Search Engines
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Search Engines don’t guarantee the
authenticity of the sites they find.
Some well-known Search Engines (you
may know of others you prefer):
•
•
•
•
•
Google
AltaVista
Lycos
InfoSeek
HotBot
•
•
•
•
Excite
NorthernLight
Ask Jeeves
Go
The addresses for these sites are on the
sheet you were given for this presentation.
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Meta-Search Engines
• Meta-Search Engines are designed to search
several Search Engines at once. The number
of Search Engines they combine varies.
• Most Meta-Search Engines allow you to use
Search Techniques.
• Sometimes the results from Meta-Search
Engines is overwhelming!
• Some common Meta-Search Engines:
SavvySearch
Dogpile
MetaCrawler
Profusion
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Search Techniques
Next are some strategies to use when
searching the Internet. Not all
techniques may work in a given search
program.
You need to read the “help” section of
the program to see what techniques are
available.
• Usually it's a good idea to capitalize
words that are normally capitalized
• Ex. Camas (not camas)
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Search Techniques
• Required & Prohibited Words
– + Attaching a + to a word requires
the word
– - Attaching a - in front of a word
prohibits the word
– No space is used after the + or •Ex. +basketball +rules
•Ex. +greyhound -bus
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Search Techniques
• May use Boolean Logic -– AND, OR, NOT
– Usually must CAPITALIZE the
connectors
– OR statements must be enclosed in
parentheses
•Ex. fruit AND (grape OR apple)
Search Techniques
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• Phrase Matching (“ “)
– Putting quotation marks around a set of words
finds results that match the words in that exact
order.
• Ex. “death penalty”
• Wildcard Matching or Truncation or Stemming
– Attaching a * to the beginning letters of a
keyword returns results with any forms of the
term
• Ex. environment*
(results will
contain environment, environments,
environmental, environmentally,
environmentalist)
Search Techniques
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• Document Search Restrictions
– Attaching t: to the front of a search
term will restrict search to document
titles only
• Ex. t: cloning (will find only
document titles with that keyword)
– Attaching u: to the front of a search
term will restrict search to document
URLs only
• Ex. u: microsoft (will locate only
URLs with that keyword)
Search Techniques
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• Document Search Restrictions
– Attaching link: to the front of a URL will
allow you to see what sites link TO that
site (this can be useful if you are trying
to determine the legitimacy of a site or
the politics of a site).
• Ex.
link:http://www.camas.wednet.edu/
(to see what sites link to the Camas
School District site)
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Applying Search Techniques
• On the sheet you were given for
this presentation find the section
titled “Applying Search Techniques”.
Follow the directions.
• When you have completed that
section, return to this presentation.
• Click here to open the Google
search help page to find the
answers.
Evaluating
Web Sites
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Some Considerations. . .
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• The first web sites were designed and
monitored by college professors and
students.
• Now, as you know, sites range from
academic sites to advertisement to
cyberporn. It’s easy for anyone to
create and post a website.
• Books, newspapers, & magazines
undergo an editorial process to ensure
their accuracy. No one edits Internet
sites.
Some Considerations. . .
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• Misinformation, unsupported
information, and untruths can and do
get published on the Web.
• The Web is disorganized! Sites appear
and disappear daily.
• There are inconsistencies in Search
Engines.
• Search Engines return an overwhelming
number of results.
• Searching can be very time-consuming.
What To Do. . .
slide 38
• Use sites you know have quality
information.
– Bibliographic sites like ProQuest, SIRS,
ELibrary, Issues & Controversies
– Sites recommended by your teacher or
librarian
– Professional Directories like Internet
Public Library or Homework Central
• Evaluate Web sources carefully.
• Verify what you find with another
reliable source (often this will be a print
resource).
Evaluating Internet Sites
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An Internet site can be
evaluated on the basis of
its Design (how it looks)
and
its Content (what it says).
Evaluating Internet Sites-Design Criteria
• Does the page connect and
load quickly?
• Can you see from the first
page how the site is
organized?
• Are the pages of the site
clear and readable?
• Are links easy to identify?
• Are links logically grouped?
• Are links relevant to the
subject?
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• Is the layout of the site
consistent from page to
page?
• Is there a link back to the
home page on each
supporting page?
• Do icons clearly represent
what is intended?
• Do sound, graphics, or
video enhance the site’s
message?
• Does the page have its
own search engine for
searching within the page?
Evaluating Internet Sites-Content Criteria
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• Is the purpose of the page obvious?
• What does the domain name tell you?
• Is the intended audience clear?
• Is the site fact or opinion?
• Does the site show any bias or stereotypes?
• Are the authors clearly identified?
• Are the authors authorities?
• Is there a way to contact the authors?
• Does the page use correct spelling and
grammar?
Evaluating Internet Sites-Content Criteria
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• Is there a date of last revision? Is it recent?
• Will the information be useful (relevant) to
what your project or need?
• Is this information available in any other
format elsewhere in the library?
• Is the information thorough?
• Is the information accurate?
• Is the information appropriate to your
reading, intellectual, or maturity level?
slide 43
Copyright
Cite the Site you Sight!
• If you use any information from an
Internet site (text, graphics, sound, etc.)
in a project, you must cite it just as you
would any other sources.
Finishing Up. . .
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Congratulations! You’re done.
Turn in your papers to the bin.