Transcript File - Literature of the 1980s

HOW TO AVOID
PLAGIARISM
What is Plagiarism?
 Plagiarism is intellectual theft.
 Plagiarism occurs when you take
someone else’s words, ideas, or
art and pass it off as your own
without giving the person proper
credit.
YOU WOULDN’T WALK INTO
SOMEONE’S HOME AND
STEAL A TV, SO WHY OPEN
UP A BOOK AND STEAL
SOMEONE’S WORDS?
Can you plagiarize
yourself?
RESEARCH LINGO
 Source: The book, article, or web
article from which you are using
information.
 Cite: The process of identifying the
information in your paper that came
from an outside source.
 Citation: The signal that shows the
reader which information came from
an outside source.
 Sources Cited page: The final page of
your report that lists your outside
sources alphabetically.
How should I take notes
to avoid plagiarism?
TAKE IMPECCABLE NOTES
 Be sure to clearly indicate whether
or not you have written a direct
quotation verbatim or if you have
paraphrased the information.
 If the fact/quotation is from a print
source, write down the page
number.
TAKE DOWN BIB INFO
 Here is the information to write
on your note cards to save for
your bibliography






Author name(s)
Title
Publishing date/state
Publishing company (if print source)
Web address (if web source)
Date you visited site (if web source)
What websites should I use?
GOOD IDEAS
 Information Directories:
World Wide Web Virtual Library- vlib.org
 Digital Archives:
Archival Research Catalogarchives.gov/research/arc
 Government sites for statistics and facts:
Anything that ends in “gov”
 University sites for scholarly research:
Anything web address that ends in “edu”
BAD IDEAS
 Wikipedia (in general)
 Typing your topic into a search
engine and finding your
information from the first
websites that are listed—any old
weirdo can make their own
website; do not trust people
without credentials
How do I cite?
MLA IN-TEXT CITATIONS
 In-text citations require a signal
phrase and a parenthetical phase.
 The signal phrase indicates you are
using information from an outside
source.
 The parenthetical phrase indicates
exactly where you found that
information.
BASIC EXAMPLE
According to Donald Redelmeier, “The
use of cellular phones in motor
vehicles is associated with a
quadrupling of the risk of collision”
(453).
In your Bibliography, you would list all
the information about the source:
Redelmeier, Donald. “Dangers of Cell
Phones” New England Journal:
1997.
IN-TEXT CITATIONS
MEANS NO FOOTNOTES!!!
***DO NOT USE FOOTNOTES***
“The use of cellular phones in motor
vehicles is associated with a
quadrupling of the risk of collision”
1
1 Redelmeier, Donald. “Dangers of Cell
Phones” New England Journal: 1997.
MLA IN-TEXT CITATIONS
 Another example…
In her personal memoir, Sieker
notes, “Teaching is the greatest
joy a human being could ever
experience” (44).
MLA IN-TEXT CITATIONS
 Example of a paraphrased citation…
According to the aforementioned
author, baby penguins are the cutest
babies of the animal kingdom (Sieker 59).
MLA IN-TEXT CITATIONS
 Another example of a double direct
quotation and a double citation:
According to one ‘80s literature scholar, the
protagonist of Bright Lights, Big City is “a
tragic hero,” whereas another famous
literary critic describes him as “a coked out
loser” (May 44, Paquette 182).
MLA IN-TEXT CITATIONS
 Example of a double paraphrase and a
double citation.
According to film critic I.P. Freely, the film
version of Bright Lights, Big City ruins the
book (83), whereas critic Seymour Butts
believes Keifer Sutherland makes a great Tad
Allagash (102).
MLA IN-TEXT CITATIONS
 Example of a web source
citation…
According to a website for animal
lovers,“97% of the world disagrees
with the opinion that baby animals
suck” (“Baby Animals”).
WEB SITE CITATIONS
Rule of thumb…
If you have the author, cite the
author! (Sieker).
If no author, cite the website
title in quotations!
(“Baby Animals”).
If there is no title or author, you’ll
have to cite the web address…
(http://www.thelongestlist.com/wearejustd
oingthistobestupidnowsincethiscangoonfor
everandeverandeverbutitstilllookskindaneat
inthebrowsereventhoughitsabigwasteoftime
andenergyandhasnorealpointbutwehadtodo
itanyways.html)
JUST SHORTEN THE LONG ONES:
(thelongestlist.com)
So…when do you cite?
NEVER CITE COMMON
KNOWLEDGE!
 If the information you found is
general knowledge and you can
find it in just about every willynilly book written on the subject,
there is no need to include an intext citation.
 Incorrect example…
“George Washington was the first
president of our country” (Smith 8).
Include a citation if the
information is…
 Opinion/biased
 Controversial
 Unique to the author
 Highly specific (e.g.
statistical information)
* If you do not present unique
information as a direct quotation and
it is paraphrased, you still need an intext citation otherwise, you are a
plagiarizer!
PLAGIARISM EXAMPLE
Original Source:
The automotive industry has not shown
good judgment in designing automotive
features that distract drivers.
Plagiarism Example:
The automotive industry has not shown
good judgment in designing automotive
features that distract drivers
(Magliozzi 3).
PLAGIARISM EXAMPLE
Original Source:
The automotive industry has not shown
good judgment in designing automotive
features that distract drivers.
Plagiarism Example:
Magliozzi argues that the automotive
industry has not demonstrated good
judgment in devising car features that
distract drivers (3).
ACCEPTABLE EXAMPLE
Original Source:
The automotive industry has not shown
good judgment in designing automotive
features that distract drivers.
Acceptable Example:
Magliozzi argues that poor automotive
design contributes to drivers not
watching the road (3).
So…when do I use
quotations and when do I
paraphrase?
USE DIRECT
QUOTATIONS…
 When the language is especially
vivid or expressive
Example:
Miss Sieker looks for essays that
are “epic in scope with biting
social commentary” (64).
USE DIRECT
QUOTATIONS…
 When exact wording is needed for technical
accuracy
Example…
The Self-Aware Universe explains the nebulous nature
of quantum physics: “According to the uncertainty
principle, we cannot simultaneously determine with
certainty both the position and the velocity of an
electron; any effort to measure one accurately blurs our
knowledge of the other. Thus, the conditions
for the particle’s trajectory can never be determined with
accuracy” (Gosami 37).
USE DIRECT
QUOTATIONS…
 When it is important to present two sides of
a controversial issue…
Example:
Some students found Drummond’s kilt at
prom “disturbing” while other’s found it
“surprisingly endearing” (Sieker 107).
What to Do With
Quotations within
Quotations
 In John M. Smith’s biography, Madonna
is quoted as saying,“I'm tough, I'm
ambitious, and I know exactly what I
want . If that makes me a bitch, okay.”
 Madonna is an unapologetic go-getter:
“[…] famous for her sass, she boldly
declared, 'I'm tough, I'm ambitious, and
I know exactly what I want . If that
makes me a bitch, okay’” (qtd. in Smith
24).
REMEMBER TO SPRINKLE
 Don’t throw in quotations
haphazardly!
 Use direct quotations with
discernment!
FOLLOW THE NATIVE
AMERICAN PHILOSOPHY
TAKE ONLY WHAT YOU NEED
If you absolutely must use
a longer quotation…
Remember to follow these very special rules:
When you are citing four lines or more,
you need to single-space and indent
your text without using quotation
marks […] also remember, you can bust
out ellipses whenever you take out a
chunk of text you don’t need within
your
quotation […] and don’t forget the
exception in which the period comes
before the citation. (Sieker)
HOW DO I MAKE THE
PERFECT BIB?
GREAT BIB RESOURCES
 easybib.com
 bibme.org
 citationmachine.net
 Diana Hacker’s A Writer’s
Reference
BIB FORMAT
 Alphabetize your list of sources
 Make sure you have a “hanging indent”
format: all subsequent lines after the
first are indented
 Double-spaced, 12 pt. font, Times New
Roman text (like the rest of the essay)
 Title your bibliography “Works Cited,”
“Sources Cited” or just plain ole
“Bibliography”
DON’T FORGET TO TURN
IT IN TO TURNITIN.COM!
THE END!