Transcript Chapter 8 - Curriculum & Staff Development

11th Edition
TODAY AND TOMORROW
8

CHAPTER
Chapter 8
The Internet and World
Wide Web
Understanding Computers, 11th Edition
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Learning Objectives
Chapter 8

Discuss how the Internet evolved and what it is like
today.
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Identify the various types of individuals, companies,
and organizations involved in the Internet community
and explain their purposes.

Describe device and connection options for
connecting to the Internet, as well as some
considerations to keep in mind when selecting an
ISP.
Understanding Computers, 11th Edition
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Learning Objectives, Cont'd
Chapter 8

Understand how to effectively search for information
on the Internet and how to properly cite Internet
resources.

List several useful things that can be done using the
Internet, in addition to basic browsing and e-mail.

Discuss censorship and privacy and how they are
related to Internet use.

Describe the possible format, structure, and use of
the Internet in the future.
Understanding Computers, 11th Edition
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Overview

This chapter covers:
 The evolution of the Internet
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Different options for connecting to the Internet
Internet searching
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Common Internet applications
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Censorship and privacy issues
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The future of the Internet
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Chapter 8
Understanding Computers, 11th Edition
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Evolution of the Internet
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Chapter 8
Internet: largest and most well-known computer
network, linking millions of computers all over the
world
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The Internet furnishes a standard way of sending
messages and information across virtually any
type of computer platform and transmission media

While Internet has become a household word only
during the past decade, it has actually operated in
one form or another for much longer than that
Understanding Computers, 11th Edition
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From ARPANET to Internet2
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Chapter 8
ARPANET: the predecessor of the Internet, named
after the Advanced Research Projects Agency
(ARPA), which sponsored its development
The World Wide Web: the collection of Web pages
available through the Internet
 Proposed by Tim Berners-Lee in 1989
 Originally only text-based content
 Release of the graphical Mosaic browser in 1993
led to graphical content
 Wide variety of content available via Web pages
today
Internet2: created to develop and implement
advanced Internet applications and technologies
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The Internet Community Today
Chapter 8
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Users (people who use the Internet)
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Internet service providers (ISPs) (provide access
to the Internet, typically for a fee)
Understanding Computers, 11th Edition
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The Internet Community Today
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Internet content providers (provide Internet
content)
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Application service providers (ASPs) (provide
access to Web-based software applications)
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Infrastructure companies (own or operating the
physical structure of the Internet)
Hardware and software companies
The government and other organizations (Internet
Society, ICANN, W3C, etc.)
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Chapter 8
Understanding Computers, 11th Edition
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Myths About the Internet
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Chapter 8
Myth 1: The Internet is Free
 Most people and businesses pay for Internet
access
 Free services are often in exchange for providing
contact information or viewing advertisements
 Fee-based content is growing
 Micropayments may be implemented in the future
for Web content
Understanding Computers, 11th Edition
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Myth 1: The Internet is Free, Cont’d
Chapter 8
Understanding Computers, 11th Edition
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Myths About the Internet, Cont’d
Chapter 8

Myth 2: Someone Controls the Internet
 Governments can somewhat regulate Internet use
within its country but difficult to control it well
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Myth 3: The Internet and World Wide Web Are
Identical
 Internet = physical network
 WWW = one resource (Web pages) available via
the Internet
 Other resources are available via FTP, e-mail,
Telnet, etc.
Understanding Computers, 11th Edition
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Getting Set Up to Use the Internet
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Chapter 8
Getting set up to use the Internet typically involves
three decisions
 Determining the type of device you will use to
access the Internet
 Selecting the type of connection desired
 Deciding on the Internet service provider to be
used
Once these determinations have been made, your
computer can be set up to access the Internet
Understanding Computers, 11th Edition
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Type of Device
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Chapter 8
Possible devices include:
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Desktop, notebook, or tablet PCs
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Internet appliances
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Mobile devices
Understanding Computers, 11th Edition
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Type of Connection and Internet
Access
Chapter 8
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Need to be connected to the Internet to access it
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Connections can be:
 Dial-up (PC has to dial via a phone line to
connect)
 Direct (PC is continually connected to the
Internet)
 Direct connections are typically broadband
 Home broadband use is growing
Understanding Computers, 11th Edition
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Type of Connection and Internet
Access, Cont’d
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Chapter 8
Dial-up connections
 Conventional dial-up
 Slow, but cheap
 Ties up phone line
 ISDN
 Faster, but pricey
 Doesn’t tie up phone line
 Used by businesses more than individuals
Understanding Computers, 11th Edition
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Type of Connection and Internet
Access, Cont’d
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Chapter 8
Direct connections
 T1 lines
 High-speed, usually used by schools and large
businesses
 Cable
 Most widely used home broadband connection
 DSL
 Broadband option for locations where it is
available (must be less than 3 miles from
switching station)
 Satellite
 Broadband option for rural areas
Understanding Computers, 11th Edition
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Type of Connection and Internet
Access, Cont’d
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Chapter 8
Direct connections, cont’d
 Fixed wireless
 Broadband option where available
 Mobile wireless
 Access via mobile phone or device
 3G is much faster than earlier types of mobile
wireless connections
 Public hotspots
 Both free and fee-based are available
 Currently Wi-Fi so short range, but WiMAX
may soon be available
Understanding Computers, 11th Edition
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Chapter 8
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Selecting an ISP and Setting Up Your
PC
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When selecting an ISP, consider
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Chapter 8
Services (e-mail limits and requirements, Web
space, etc.)
Speed (both upstream and downstream speeds,
consistency of service, etc.)
Support (free telephone support, response time,
etc.)
Cost (local access number for dial-up, hardware
costs, set-up fees, etc.)
Understanding Computers, 11th Edition
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Selecting an ISP and Setting Up Your
PC, Cont'd
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To set up your PC
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Chapter 8
Install necessary hardware
Install necessary software
Set up your telephone dialing software (for some
conventional dial-up connections only)
Select user name, access telephone number (for
dial-up connections), and a payment method
Change browser and e-mail settings as needed
Understanding Computers, 11th Edition
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Chapter 8
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Searching the Internet
Chapter 8

The Internet provides access to a vast amount of
information
 That information is useless if you cannot find it
opportunely
 An important skill an Internet user can acquire is
how to successfully search for and locate
information on the Internet

Search sites: Web sites that help you find Web
pages containing the information you are seeking
 Typically use a search engine in conjunction with a
database containing information about Web pages
to locate appropriate Web pages
Understanding Computers, 11th Edition
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Searching the Internet, Cont’d
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Chapter 8
Keyword search: keywords are typed in a search box to
locate information on the Internet; can be found on
Directory search: categories are selected to locate
information on the Internet
Matching Web pages are called hits; clicking on the name
of a Web page displays that page
Some search sites search multiple search sites
(metasearch sites); others allow natural language
searches
Many search sites contain additional tools, such as to:
 Search for items such as music files, image files,
newsgroups, news articles
 Search for maps, people, telephone numbers
 Google is one of the most versatile search sites
Understanding Computers, 11th Edition
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Chapter 8
Understanding Computers, 11th Edition
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Search Strategies
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Chapter 8
Use phrase searching (more than one keyword)
Understanding Computers, 11th Edition
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Search Strategies, Cont’d
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Chapter 8
Use Boolean operators (AND, OR, NOT)
Use multiple search sites
Use appropriate keywords
Use synonyms (different words that mean the same
thing)
Use variant word forms (variations of your keywords,
alternate spellings, etc.)
Use wildcards (such as * to search for keyword
patterns)
Understanding Computers, 11th Edition
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Search Strategies, Cont’d
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Chapter 8
Use field searches (searches limited to a particular
characteristic, such as page title, page text, URL, or
domain)
Understanding Computers, 11th Edition
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Evaluating Search Results
Chapter 8
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The quality of a hit can be preliminarily evaluated by
looking at
 Page title and description
 Company or organization hosting the page
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General guidelines for evaluating a Web page include
considering
 Source
 Author
 Timeliness
 Accuracy
Understanding Computers, 11th Edition
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Citing Internet Resources
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Chapter 8
To avoid plagiarizing, proper citation procedures
should be used for all Internet content used in a
paper, book, or on a Web site
Understanding Computers, 11th Edition
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Beyond Browsing and E-Mail
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Chapter 8
Types of online communications
 Discussion groups (message boards,
newsgroups, or online forums)
 Chat rooms: multiple users chat
 Instant messaging (IM): exchange of real-time
messages
 Videoconferencing (teleconferencing or Web
conferencing)
 Voice over Internet Protocol (VoIP): Internet
telephony applications involve placing telephoneto-telephone calls over the Internet—called VoIP
Understanding Computers, 11th Edition
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Chapter 8
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Beyond Browsing and E-Mail, Cont'd

Online shopping and investing
 Be sure all e-commerce activities are performed
via a secure Web server
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Chapter 8
Online shopping
 Can purchase items via manufacturers, large
businesses, small businesses, etc/
 Usually paid via credit card, though other
options may be available
Understanding Computers, 11th Edition
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Beyond Browsing and E-Mail, Cont'd

Chapter 8
Online shopping and investing, cont’d
 Online auctions (eBay, etc.)
 Buy from individuals
 Seller pays auction fees
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Online banking (transfer funds, check balances,
pay bills, etc.)
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Online investing (buy and sell stocks, bonds, and
other securities
Understanding Computers, 11th Edition
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Chapter 8
Understanding Computers, 11th Edition
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Beyond Browsing and E-Mail, Cont'd

Online entertainment
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Chapter 8
Online music (Internet radio stations, online
music stores, etc.)
Online TV (TV broadcast via the Internet)
Online videos (often found on news sites, popular
TV show sites, etc.)
Video-on-demand (VOD)
 Download movies and TV shows
 Often only viewable for a limited time
 Available for cell phones and mobile devices
today as well
Understanding Computers, 11th Edition
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Beyond Browsing and E-Mail, Cont'd

Chapter 8
Online entertainment, cont’d
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Video-on-demand (VOD)
 Download movies and TV shows
 Often only viewable for a limited time
 Available for cell phones and mobile devices
today as well

Online gaming (both individual and multiplayer
games played via the Internet)
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E-books (purchased e-books and library e-books)
Understanding Computers, 11th Edition
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Chapter 8
Understanding Computers, 11th Edition
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Beyond Browsing and E-Mail, Cont'd

Chapter 8
Peer-to-peer file sharing: sharing resources directly
between users via the Internet
 Napster background and issues
 Both legal and illegal peer-to-peer file sharing
exists today
 With the availability of legal ways to obtain digital
content, some experts predict that, eventually,
legal alternatives will become the norm for
consumers
Understanding Computers, 11th Edition
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Beyond Browsing and E-Mail, Cont'd
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Online news and research
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Chapter 8
News (online newspapers, magazines, news sites,
etc.)
Product, corporate, and government information
(lots of information available online)
Reference sites (allow you to look up ZIP codes,
phone numbers, view maps, dictionary terms, etc.)
Portals: designed to be used as a browser’s
home page (Yahoo!, MSN, Bolt, etc.)
Understanding Computers, 11th Edition
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Chapter 8
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Beyond Browsing and E-Mail, Cont'd

Chapter 8
Online education
 Web-based training (WBT) and distance
learning
 Advantages: Self-paced instruction, flexible
location, up-to-date material, immediate
feedback, and customized content
 Disadvantages: Technology requirements and
problems, anonymity, and lack of face-to-face
contact
 Online testing (available for both objective and
performance-based exams)
Understanding Computers, 11th Edition
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Beyond Browsing and E-Mail, Cont'd
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Chapter 8
Online writing
 Blogs (personal Web logs)
 Wikis (editable collaborative Web page)
 E-portfolios (personal online portfolio)
Understanding Computers, 11th Edition
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Censorship and Privacy Issues
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Chapter 8
Censorship
 Free speech vs. offensive or indecent materials
 Internet
filtering:
using software
or browser
options to
block access
to particular
Web pages or
types of Web
pages
Understanding Computers, 11th Edition
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Censorship and Privacy Issues,
Cont'd

Chapter 8
Web browsing privacy
 Cookies: small files stored on the user’s hard
drive by a Web server
 Add functionality (such as shopping carts and
personal preferences) to Web sites
 Can be used to track Web activity
 Cookie information can be personally idenfiable
or non-personally identifiable
 Cookie data can be viewed or deleted
 Cookie settings can be changed and software
can be used to manage cookies
Understanding Computers, 11th Edition
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Chapter 8
Understanding Computers, 11th Edition
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Censorship and Privacy Issues,
Cont'd

Chapter 8
Web browsing privacy, cont’d
 Web bugs: small, usually invisible, images on a
Web page that transmits data to a Web server
 Difficult to spot or stop
 Software can be used to notify you when Web
bugs are
being used
Understanding Computers, 11th Edition
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Censorship and Privacy Issues,
Cont'd
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
Chapter 8
Web browsing privacy, cont’d
 Spyware (transmits data secretly through the
user’s Internet connection)
 Adware (software supported by onscreen
advertising)
E-mail privacy
 Only encrypted e-mail can be transmitted privately
 Employers and ISPs have access to the e-mail
you send through those organizations
 Businesses and ISPs typically archive e-mail
messages
Understanding Computers, 11th Edition
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The Future of the Internet
Chapter 8

Likely to be a very high-speed optical network with
virtually unlimited bandwidth

Access devices will probably be small and less
obtrusive; possibly built into everyday objects

The primary interface will likely be the voice, and
most network connections will be wireless

Ever-growing number of day-to-day Internet activities
Understanding Computers, 11th Edition
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Summary
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Chapter 8
Evolution of the Internet
Getting Set Up to Use the Internet
Searching the Internet
Beyond Browsing and E-Mail
Censorship and Privacy Issues
The Future of the Internet
Understanding Computers, 11th Edition
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