Transcript The cycle of matter and energy

THE CYCLE OF MATTER
AND ENERGY
Awesomer!!!!!!
Cycling of Matter
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What is matter?
Are these made
up of matter?
Cycling of Matter
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We are made of recycled matter! Some even
1 000 000’s of years old.
Atoms of carbon, oxygen, hydrogen and nitrogen
that make up our bodies could once have belonged
to a dinosaur!
Matter from living bodies is broken down into
nutrients that all living things need. We call this
reuse of matter a matter cycle.
Matter Cycle
Complex matter makes
living bodies.
Living things
use
nutrients.
Matter is
broken down
into nutrients.
Producers
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Most matter cycles begin with plants.
Plants use energy from the sun to make their own
food. What is this process called?
Photosynthesis
Organisms that are able to make their own food
are called producers.
Consumers
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Animals are not able to make their own food.
To get energy, animals must eat plants or other
animals.
Organisms that rely on plants or animals for food
are called consumers.
Consumers
Consumers that only eat plants are called herbivores,
meaning “plant eaters.” They are also called Primary
Consumers.
 What are some examples of herbivores?
Consumers that eat other animals are called
carnivores, meaning “flesh eaters.”
 What are some examples of carnivores?
Consumers that eat both are called omnivores.
 Ex) Human!
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Secondary consumers - organisms which
eat primary consumers (carnivores)
Tertiary consumers - organisms which
eat secondary consumers (carnivores)
Food chains
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Food chains show which organisms eat other
organisms.
The arrows tell you which way the matter and
energy is being transferred.
Producer
Consumer
(herbivore)
Secondary
Consumer
(Carnivore)
Food Chains
Each level of a food chain is known as a
trophic level
Tertiary consumer
Secondary consumer
Primary consumer
Producer
Barn owl
Wood mouse
Bark beetle
Oak Tree
Fourth trophic level
Third trophic level
Second trophic level
First trophic level
Food Web
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In most ecosystems, carnivores do not rely on only
one food source.
For example, the wolf in the slide before doesn’t
just eat deer. It may also eat mice, birds, rabbits,
etc…
We could show this by making many different food
chains or by making one food web.
Food Web
Write down two food chains from this food web.
See video
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http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Cd1M9xD482s
Questions
1. What will happen to the number of clown fish if the sharks
become vegetarian?
2. What effect will this have on the number of zooplankton?
3. What will happen to the Blue Regal fish if a disease wipes out
the small invertebrates.
Food Web
Great White Shark
Blue Regal
Clown Fish
Zooplankton
Small
Invertebrates
Algae
Sea Turtle
Question
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Wolves don’t eat plants, but could a wolf survive in
an ecosystem that did not have plants? Explain
Activity
On the coral reef, there are 25 great white
sharks.
These 25 sharks feed on 1,100 clown fish.
The clown fish feed on 15,000 algae.
Can you draw a pyramid of numbers to show
this food chain? Use a scale of 1 mm for each
100 organisms to draw the pyramid to scale.