Transcript New Perspectives on the Internet, 4e

XP
Tutorial 2
Browser Basics
Introduction to Microsoft Internet
Explorer and Netscape Navigator
New Perspectives on The Internet, Fifth Edition—
Comprehensive, 2005 Update Tutorial 2
1
XP
Objectives
• Learn how Web browser software displays Web pages.
• Learn how Web page addresses are constructed.
• Become familiar with the main functions common to all
Web browsers.
• Configure and use the Microsoft Internet Explorer Web
browser to navigate the Web.
• Save and organize Web addresses using Internet Explorer.
New Perspectives on The Internet, Fifth Edition—
Comprehensive, 2005 Update Tutorial 2
2
XP
Objectives
• Save Web page text and graphics using Internet Explorer.
• Configure and use the Netscape Navigator Web browser
to navigate the Web.
• Save and organize Web addresses using Netscape
Navigator.
• Save Web page text and graphics using Netscape
Navigator.
New Perspectives on The Internet, Fifth Edition—
Comprehensive, 2005 Update Tutorial 2
3
Understanding the Structure
of the Web
Client/Server Structure of the Web
New Perspectives on The Internet, Fifth Edition—
Comprehensive, 2005 Update Tutorial 2
4
Client/Server Structure of
the World Wide Web
XP
• When you use your Internet connection to become
part of the Web, your computer becomes a Web
client in a worldwide client/server network.
• Web browser: software that you run on your
computer to make it work as a Web client.
• Web servers: Computers connected to the Internet
that contain files their owners have made available
publicly through their Internet connections.
New Perspectives on The Internet, Fifth Edition—
Comprehensive, 2005 Update Tutorial 2
5
XP
Hypertext, Links, and Hypermedia
•
Hypertext Markup Language (HTML): standard language used on the
Web.
•
HTML uses codes (tags) to tell the Web browser software how to
display text.
•
HTML anchor tag: enables Web designers to link HTML documents to
each other.
•
Hypertext links: can connect HTML documents together; can also
connect one part of HTML document to another part.
•
Hypermedia links: hyperlinks that connect to computer files that
contain pictures, graphics, and media objects such as sound and video
clips.
New Perspectives on The Internet, Fifth Edition—
Comprehensive, 2005 Update Tutorial 2
6
Hypertext, Links, and Hypermedia
New Perspectives on The Internet, Fifth Edition—
Comprehensive, 2005 Update Tutorial 2
7
XP
Web Site Organization
• When a Web browser displays an HTML document, it
is often referred to as a Web page.
• A collection of linked Web pages with a common
theme is called a Web site.
• The main page that all of the other pages on the Web
site are organized around and link back to is called
the site’s home page.
New Perspectives on The Internet, Fifth Edition—
Comprehensive, 2005 Update Tutorial 2
8
XP
Addresses on the Web
• Internet Protocol Address (IP): unique id number given to
each computer on the Internet.
• Domain Name: unique name associated with specific IP
address by a program that runs on an Internet host computer.
• Domain Name Software (DNS) coordinates IP addresses and
domain names for all computers attached to it.
• Domain name server: the host computer that runs DNS
software.
• The last part of domain name is called its top-level domain
(TLD).
New Perspectives on The Internet, Fifth Edition—
Comprehensive, 2005 Update Tutorial 2
9
XP
Common Top Level Domains (TDLs)
New Perspectives on The Internet, Fifth Edition—
Comprehensive, 2005 Update Tutorial 2
10
XP
Uniform Resource Locators
Four-part addressing scheme. Tells the Web browser:
•Transfer protocol to use when transporting the file.
•Domain name of computer on which file resides.
•Pathname of folder or directory on computer on
which file resides.
•Name of the file.
New Perspectives on The Internet, Fifth Edition—
Comprehensive, 2005 Update Tutorial 2
11
XP
Uniform Resource Locators
Structure of a Uniform Resource Locator (URL)
New Perspectives on The Internet, Fifth Edition—
Comprehensive, 2005 Update Tutorial 2
12
XP
Main Elements of Web Browsers
•
•
•
•
•
•
Title Bar
Scroll Bars
Status Bar
Menu Bar
Page Tab
Home Button
New Perspectives on The Internet, Fifth Edition—
Comprehensive, 2005 Update Tutorial 2
13
Main Elements of Internet Explorer
Program Window
New Perspectives on The Internet, Fifth Edition—
Comprehensive, 2005 Update Tutorial 2
14
Main Elements of Navigator
Program Window
New Perspectives on The Internet, Fifth Edition—
Comprehensive, 2005 Update Tutorial 2
15
XP
Finding Information on the Web Using
Search Engines & Web Directories
• Web Search Engines: Web pages that
conduct searches of the Web to find words or
expressions you enter.
• Web Directory: a Web page that contains a list
of Web page categories like education or
recreation. Can narrow the results returned for
a particular search.
• Web directory editors categorize the Web
pages.
New Perspectives on The Internet, Fifth Edition—
Comprehensive, 2005 Update Tutorial 2
16
XP
Returning to Web Pages
Previously Visited
• Using favorites and bookmarks
 Internet Explorer - save the URL of a site you
would like to revisit as a favorite in the Favorites
folder.
 Netscape - use a bookmark to save the URL of a
specific page so you can return to it.
• Using the History List
 Back button
 Forward button
New Perspectives on The Internet, Fifth Edition—
Comprehensive, 2005 Update Tutorial 2
17
XP
Returning to Web Pages
Previously Visited
• Cookies
 A small file that a Web server writes to the disk of the client
computer.
 Can contain information about the user such as login names
and passwords.
 Assists in performing functions such as automatic login.
 User is often unaware that the files are being written to the
computer’s disk drive.
New Perspectives on The Internet, Fifth Edition—
Comprehensive, 2005 Update Tutorial 2
18
XP
Reloading a Web Page
• The browser stores a copy of every Web page it
displays on your computer’s hard drive in a cache
folder.
• Use the Refresh button in IE or the Reload button in
Navigator to load the same Web page that appears in
the browser window again.
• Use the Stop button to halt the Web page transfer from
the server.
New Perspectives on The Internet, Fifth Edition—
Comprehensive, 2005 Update Tutorial 2
19
XP
Printing and Saving Web Pages
• You can use a Web browser to print a Web page.
• You can save copies of most Web pages as files that
you can store on your computer’s hard disk, floppy
disk, etc.
• Some Web pages are written to make copying
difficult or impossible.
New Perspectives on The Internet, Fifth Edition—
Comprehensive, 2005 Update Tutorial 2
20
Reproducing Web Pages andXP
Copyright Law
• Laws that govern the use of photocopies, audio or video
recordings, and other reproductions of authors’ original
work.
• Legal right of the author or other owner of an original work
to control reproduction, distribution and sale of that work.
• Comes into existence as soon as the work is placed into
tangible form.
• Exists even if the work does not contain a copyright
notice.
New Perspectives on The Internet, Fifth Edition—
Comprehensive, 2005 Update Tutorial 2
21
Reproducing Web Pages andXP
Copyright Law
• Fair use is a provision that allows students to use
limited amounts of copyrighted information in term
papers and other reports in an academic setting.
• Source must always be cited.
• Commercial use of copyright more restricted.
• Obtain permission from copyright holder before using
anything you copy from a Web page.
New Perspectives on The Internet, Fifth Edition—
Comprehensive, 2005 Update Tutorial 2
22
Starting Microsoft
Internet Explorer
XP
• Click Start button on the taskbar, point to All Programs, click
Internet Explorer.
• The Standard Buttons toolbar has a number of buttons that
execute frequently used commands for browsing.
New Perspectives on The Internet, Fifth Edition—
Comprehensive, 2005 Update Tutorial 2
23
Starting Microsoft
Internet Explorer
XP
• The status bar at the
bottom of the window
includes several panels
that give you
information about
Internet Explorer’s
operations.
 Transfer progress report
& graphical transfer
progress indicator.
 Security zone.
New Perspectives on The Internet, Fifth Edition—
Comprehensive, 2005 Update Tutorial 2
24
Entering a URL in the
Address Bar
XP
• Click at end of current text in the Address bar, then
delete any unnecessary or unwanted text from the
displayed URL.
• Type the URL of the location that you want to go.
• Press the Enter key to load the URL’s Web page in
the browser window.
New Perspectives on The Internet, Fifth Edition—
Comprehensive, 2005 Update Tutorial 2
25
XP
Hyperlink Navigation
Using the Mouse
Easiest way to move from one Web page to another is
to use the mouse to click hyperlinks:
 Click the hyperlink
 After the new Web page has loaded, right-click the
Web page’s background
 Click Back on the shortcut menu
New Perspectives on The Internet, Fifth Edition—
Comprehensive, 2005 Update Tutorial 2
26
XP
Returning to Previously
Viewed Web Pages
• The Favorites List lets you store and organize a list
of Web pages that you have visited so you can return
to them easily.
• You can create folders to store your favorites in.
• You can easily organize your folders in a hierarchical
structure even after you have stored them.
New Perspectives on The Internet, Fifth Edition—
Comprehensive, 2005 Update Tutorial 2
27
XP
Returning to Previously
Viewed Web Pages
• The Back and Forward buttons on the Standard Buttons
toolbar and the Back and Forward options on the shortcut menu
enable you to move to and from previously visited pages.
• To see where you have been during a session, you can open
the history list by clicking on the History button on the
Standards Buttons toolbar.
• The Refresh button on the Standard Buttons toolbar loads a
new copy of the Web page that currently appears in the browser
window.
• The Home button on the Standard Buttons toolbar displays the
home (or start) page for your copy of Internet Explorer.
New Perspectives on The Internet, Fifth Edition—
Comprehensive, 2005 Update Tutorial 2
28
XP
Printing a Web Page
• The Print button on the Standard Buttons toolbar and the
Print option on the File menu let you print the current Web
frame or page.
• When printing long Web pages, a print option that is
extremely useful for saving paper is to reduce the font size
of the Web pages before you print them.
• Internet Explorer allows users to preview pages before
they print them. Select Print Preview from the File menu.
New Perspectives on The Internet, Fifth Edition—
Comprehensive, 2005 Update Tutorial 2
29
XP
Checking Web Page Security
• You can check some of the security elements of a Web page by
clicking File, Properties, and then the Certificates button.
• Internet Explorer will display security information for the page
that appears in the browser window to advise you of the overall
security of the page.
• Encryption is a way of scrambling and encoding data
transmissions that reduces the risk that a person who intercepts
the Web page as it travels across the Internet will be able to
decode and read the page’s contents.
• A padlock symbol appears in the status bar when Internet
Explorer loads an encrypted Web page.
New Perspectives on The Internet, Fifth Edition—
Comprehensive, 2005 Update Tutorial 2
30
XP
Getting Help in Internet Explorer
New Perspectives on The Internet, Fifth Edition—
Comprehensive, 2005 Update Tutorial 2
31
XP
Using Internet Explorer to
Save a Web Page
• You can save entire Web pages, selected portions of
Web page text, or particular graphics from a Web
page to a disk.
• You can save portions of Web page text so you can
use it in other programs.
• You can save a graphic from a Web page by rightclicking on the picture and clicking Save Picture As.
New Perspectives on The Internet, Fifth Edition—
Comprehensive, 2005 Update Tutorial 2
32
XP
Starting Netscape Navigator
Click the Start button
on the taskbar, point to
All Programs, point to
Netscape 7.1, and then
click Navigator.
New Perspectives on The Internet, Fifth Edition—
Comprehensive, 2005 Update Tutorial 2
33
Using the Navigation and
Personal Toolbars
XP
• The Navigation toolbar includes buttons that execute
frequently used commands for browsing the Web.
• You can use the toolbar tabs to hide or show the toolbars
quickly.
• The view menu commands are toggles, like a pushbutton
switch on a television set.
• You can use the Location bar to enter URLs directly into
Navigator.
New Perspectives on The Internet, Fifth Edition—
Comprehensive, 2005 Update Tutorial 2
34
Using the Navigation and
Personal Toolbars
XP
Navigator Navigation Toolbar
New Perspectives on The Internet, Fifth Edition—
Comprehensive, 2005 Update Tutorial 2
35
XP
Using the Personal Toolbar
• You can customize the Personal toolbar by adding and
removing toolbar buttons.
• The Home button loads the program’s defined start page.
• The My Netscape button opens a version of the
Netscape’s Home page that you can customize.
• The Bookmarks button opens a list of Web sites whose
URLs you have saved.
• You can click the Personal toolbar tab or use the View
menu to hide and show the Navigation toolbar and its tab.
New Perspectives on The Internet, Fifth Edition—
Comprehensive, 2005 Update Tutorial 2
36
XP
Using the Personal Toolbar
New Perspectives on The Internet, Fifth Edition—
Comprehensive, 2005 Update Tutorial 2
37
XP
Creating a Bookmark
for a Web Site
• You use the bookmark feature to store and organize
a list of Web pages that you have visited so that you
can return to them easily.
• You can create folders to store your bookmarks in.
• You can easily organize your folders in a hierarchical
structure.
• You can save your bookmark file on a disk so you
can use your bookmarks at another computer.
New Perspectives on The Internet, Fifth Edition—
Comprehensive, 2005 Update Tutorial 2
38
Creating a Bookmark for
a Web Site
XP
Creating a Bookmarks folder:
 Click Bookmarks on the Personal toolbar, and then
click Manage Bookmarks.
 Click the New Folder button.
 Delete the default text in the Name text box, and then
type a new folder name.
 Click the OK button.
New Perspectives on The Internet, Fifth Edition—
Comprehensive, 2005 Update Tutorial 2
39
Creating a Bookmark for
a Web Site
XP
Saving a Bookmark in a Bookmarks Folder:
 Open the page that you want to bookmark in Navigator.
 Click Bookmarks on the menu bar, and then click File
Bookmark.
 Type a descriptive name in the box.
 Select the folder in which you want to save the
bookmark and click the OK button.
New Perspectives on The Internet, Fifth Edition—
Comprehensive, 2005 Update Tutorial 2
40
Hyperlink Navigation
Using the Mouse
XP
Easiest way to move from one Web page to another is
to use the mouse to click hyperlinks.
 Click the hyperlink.
 After the new Web page has loaded, right-click on the
Web page’s background.
 Click Back on the shortcut menu.
New Perspectives on The Internet, Fifth Edition—
Comprehensive, 2005 Update Tutorial 2
41
Returning to Pages
Previously Visited
XP
• The Back and Forward buttons on the Navigation
toolbar and the Back and Forward options on the
shortcut menu enable you to move to and from recently
visited pages.
• The Reload button on the Navigator toolbar loads again
the web page that is currently in your browser window.
• The Home button on the Personal toolbar displays the
home (or start) page for your copy of Navigator.
New Perspectives on The Internet, Fifth Edition—
Comprehensive, 2005 Update Tutorial 2
42
XP
Printing a Web Page
• The Print button on the Navigation toolbar lets you
print the current Web frame or page.
• You use this button to make a printed copy of most
Web pages (some Web pages disable the Print
command).
• You can use the Page Setup dialog box to create
custom formats for printing Web pages in Navigator.
New Perspectives on The Internet, Fifth Edition—
Comprehensive, 2005 Update Tutorial 2
43
XP
Checking Web Page Security
• The Security indicator button is a small picture of a padlock
that appears at the right edge of the status bar at the bottom of
the Navigator browser window.
• The button will display as either an open padlock icon or a
closed padlock icon to indicate whether the Web page was
encrypted during transmission from the Web server.
• Encryption is a way of scrambling and encoding data
transmissions that reduces the risk that a person who intercepts
the Web page as it travels across the Internet will be able to
decode and read the page’s contents.
New Perspectives on The Internet, Fifth Edition—
Comprehensive, 2005 Update Tutorial 2
44
XP
Managing Cookies
• Navigator stores all cookies in one file and gives
users a tool to manage that file called the Cookie
Manager.
• You can delete cookies with the Cookie Manager.
• To delete all cookies that have been stored on your
computer, you would click the Remove All Cookies
button.
New Perspectives on The Internet, Fifth Edition—
Comprehensive, 2005 Update Tutorial 2
45
XP
Getting Help in Navigator
New Perspectives on The Internet, Fifth Edition—
Comprehensive, 2005 Update Tutorial 2
46
XP
Using Navigator to Save
a Web Page
• You can store entire Web pages, selected portions of
Web page text, or particular graphics from a Web
page to a disk.
• You can save portions of Web page text so you can
use it in other programs.
• You can save a graphic from a Web page by rightclicking on the picture and clicking Save Image As.
New Perspectives on The Internet, Fifth Edition—
Comprehensive, 2005 Update Tutorial 2
47
XP
Summary
• Web pages and Web sites make up the World Wide
Web.
• The Web uses a client/server structure in which Web
server computers make Web page files available to
Web client computers that are running Web browser
software.
• Each server computer on the Internet has an IP
address that is mapped to a domain name.
New Perspectives on The Internet, Fifth Edition—
Comprehensive, 2005 Update Tutorial 2
48
XP
Summary
• The domain name plus the Web page filename make
up the Uniform Resource Locator (URL).
• All Web browsers have the same basic elements and
can be used to explore the Web in similar ways.
• Web browsers display Web pages and maintain a
history list that can be used to find pages previously
visited.
New Perspectives on The Internet, Fifth Edition—
Comprehensive, 2005 Update Tutorial 2
49
XP
Summary
• Web browsers allow users to print and save Web
pages and elements of Web pages.
• Internet Explorer and Navigator are the two most
widely used Web browsers.
New Perspectives on The Internet, Fifth Edition—
Comprehensive, 2005 Update Tutorial 2
50